Part of the problem and answer maybe tied to: why can you get it again? Is it because it doesn't imbue immunity after infection or are their multiput stains in circulation? Both? I don't know if there is enough research at this point to answer the questions.
If I remember my Biology classes right---
It's a VIRUS. I don't believe your body CAN produce antibodies to effectively guard against a VIRUS. Here's why:
Your body manufactures antibodies EXACTLY MADE TO MATCH the genetic code of the ONE TYPE of virus it is dealing with.
That's how your immune system makes you recover--but ONLY for that ONE SPECIFIC GENETIC MAKEUP for that ONE SPECIFIC VIRUS.
Plus, viruses are not truly "alive" in the cellular sense---they are like a half-complete entity, as far as the cells of which they are made---they CANNOT survive alone for long (they lack the proper cellular components necessary for independent survival) outside of a WHOLE cell to latch on to--they are basically PARASITES.
Also, viruses are notoriously UNSTABLE when it comes to reproducing themselves--they take over the reproductive functions in the cells of their hosts to make enormous amounts of "copies" of themselves--but their system is flawed--or sometimes designed---to CHANGE the RNA WHILE reproducing, so that over time the new viruses created are genetically DIFFERENT from the original.
So, if the Virus MUTATES---if it changes JUST enough, that the body no longer recognizes it as the SAME virus---it's back to square one and you body has to start all over again, fighting it.
This is why (so far) we've found no "cure" for the "common cold"--the virus is CONSTANTLY mutating.
The reason you get immunity for a BACTERIAL infection is that BACTERIA--unlike viruses--DO NOT CHANGE their genetic makeup.
Bacteria are complete cells, complete in themselves, unlike a virus--they are LIVING entities--and therefore an Anti-BIOTIC (literally means "anti-life") injection is able to help the body's immune system as it fights them. (though they need to latch on to HOST cells to replicate; iirc, they lack the right cellular systems to reproduce and that's why they need a host--but I'm probably remembering that wrong).
If your doctor prescribes anti-BIOTICS when you have a virus, (anti-BIOTIC iow Anti-BACTERIAL--anti-LIVING organisms) it's not to cure the VIRUS, but to treat (or prevent) SECONDARY infection with a BACTERIAL infection on TOP OF the viral one.
I'm not sure how that applies, however, in cases like the Polio "virus"---unless that particular virus is more STABLE--and so a broad-spectrum vaccine WAS able to be produced for it? (Medic?)