[ Fair Use: For Educational / Research / Discussion Purposes Only ]
http://asd-www.larc.nasa.gov/SCOOL/contrails.html
S'COOL: Observing Contrails
Contrails are clouds formed around the small particles (aerosols) which are in aircraft exhaust. When these persist after the passage of the plane they are of great interest to researchers. Under the right conditions, clouds initiated by passing aircraft can spread with time to cover the whole sky. See an article by CERES researcher Dr. Pat Minnis.
Contrails are human-induced clouds that only form at very high altitudes (usually above 8 km) where the air is extremely cold (less than -40°C). If the air is very dry, they do not form behind the plane. If the air is somewhat moist, a contrail will form immediately behind the aircraft and make a bright white line that lasts for a short while. Persistent contrails form immediately behind the airplane in very moist air. These long-lived contrails will usually grow wider and fuzzier as time passes. Sometimes they will actually take on the characteristics of a natural cirrus cloud and no longer look like contrails after only a half hour or so. Persistent contrails can exist long after the airplane that made them has left the area. They can last for a few minutes or longer than a day. However, because they form at high altitudes where the winds are usually very strong, they will move away from the area where they were born. Often, when we look up into the sky, we will see old persistent contrails that formed far away but moved overhead because of the wind. An example of several very persistent contrails is shown in the S'COOL cloud chart. Persistent contrails are those most likely to affect climate.
NASA could use more data on contrails. Thus, when cloud amount is estimated, it would be good to know:
1. Is it possible to see contrails? That is, can the high altitudes be seen from the surface, or are there too many low clouds in the way?
2. If it is possible to view upper levels of the atmosphere, are contrails seen?
3. If contrails are seen, are they persistent or short-lived?
4. If persistent, how many were seen?
5. If persistent, were natural-looking cirrus clouds also in the sky?
6. If persistent and possible, how much of the sky contained contrails?
These observational details can be reported in the comments section of the S'COOL report form. However, we do now ask for a count of the number of short- lived and persistent contrails visible during every observation.
This information, if taken regularly, will help us learn where and how often contrails occur. By matching the surface observations with the satellite data, we will then know if we are using the satellite data correctly to identify contrails and determine how they affect climate.
S'COOL What to Observe Report Form Glossary
Here’s their pic. I won’t bother with their line drawings of short-lived and persistent contrails.
Now, don't everyone report all at once.
http://asd-www.larc.nasa.gov/SCOOL/contrails.html
S'COOL: Observing Contrails
Contrails are clouds formed around the small particles (aerosols) which are in aircraft exhaust. When these persist after the passage of the plane they are of great interest to researchers. Under the right conditions, clouds initiated by passing aircraft can spread with time to cover the whole sky. See an article by CERES researcher Dr. Pat Minnis.
Contrails are human-induced clouds that only form at very high altitudes (usually above 8 km) where the air is extremely cold (less than -40°C). If the air is very dry, they do not form behind the plane. If the air is somewhat moist, a contrail will form immediately behind the aircraft and make a bright white line that lasts for a short while. Persistent contrails form immediately behind the airplane in very moist air. These long-lived contrails will usually grow wider and fuzzier as time passes. Sometimes they will actually take on the characteristics of a natural cirrus cloud and no longer look like contrails after only a half hour or so. Persistent contrails can exist long after the airplane that made them has left the area. They can last for a few minutes or longer than a day. However, because they form at high altitudes where the winds are usually very strong, they will move away from the area where they were born. Often, when we look up into the sky, we will see old persistent contrails that formed far away but moved overhead because of the wind. An example of several very persistent contrails is shown in the S'COOL cloud chart. Persistent contrails are those most likely to affect climate.
NASA could use more data on contrails. Thus, when cloud amount is estimated, it would be good to know:
1. Is it possible to see contrails? That is, can the high altitudes be seen from the surface, or are there too many low clouds in the way?
2. If it is possible to view upper levels of the atmosphere, are contrails seen?
3. If contrails are seen, are they persistent or short-lived?
4. If persistent, how many were seen?
5. If persistent, were natural-looking cirrus clouds also in the sky?
6. If persistent and possible, how much of the sky contained contrails?
These observational details can be reported in the comments section of the S'COOL report form. However, we do now ask for a count of the number of short- lived and persistent contrails visible during every observation.
This information, if taken regularly, will help us learn where and how often contrails occur. By matching the surface observations with the satellite data, we will then know if we are using the satellite data correctly to identify contrails and determine how they affect climate.
S'COOL What to Observe Report Form Glossary
Here’s their pic. I won’t bother with their line drawings of short-lived and persistent contrails.
Now, don't everyone report all at once.