Permacul Grow a crop with roughly the protein content of Soy.

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A little floating plant with a few different species can give you this. Yes, I am talking about duckweed.


It can be on fed to chickens etc. It can be used as a fertilizer for the garden.


Getting enough protein from a small garden is not easy.


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Duckweed—tiny plants with huge potential


Friedrich Schiller University of Jena
Duckweed—tiny plants with huge potential
Duckweed has a huge potential as a human food source. Credit: Jan-Peter Kasper/FSU Jena


Researchers at the University of Jena (Germany), together with colleagues in India and Germany, have investigated the potential of various duckweeds as a human food source. The results, which are very promising, have been published under the title 'Nutritional value of duckweeds (Lemnaceae) as human food' in the leading journal Food Chemistry.

"Duckweeds can definitely serve as a source of protein in human nutrition," says Prof. Gerhard Jahreis of the Friedrich Schiller University Jena. It is not without reason that duckweeds are dubbed 'green machines', the nutritional scientist adds. Jahreis explains that the protein content of duckweeds is comparable to that of lupins, rape or peas, with a protein yield of 30 per cent of dry weight. What is more, these tiny plants contain valuable omega-3 fatty acids such as stearidonic acid and alpha-linolenic acid. Possible uses for duckweeds would be in the ever-popular smoothies or gluten-free baked goods.

"Duckweeds multiply very rapidly, but do not require any additional cultivable land," says Dr Klaus Appenroth, associate professor at Friedrich Schiller University Jena. In view of the decrease in areas of farmland, this gives duckweed a huge advantage over soya, for example. For thousands of years, duckweed species have been on the menu in Asian countries such as Thailand, Cambodia and Laos. As a plant physiologist, Appenroth has dedicated nearly his entire research career at the University Jena to the tiny plants, and he has built up an extensive collection of Lemnaceae (commonly known as duckweeds or water lenses), among other things. He singles out in particular the species Wolffia globosa, which is served up in Asia in the form of soup, as a vegetable or in omelette. In the latest tests by the research group, Wolffia globosa showed itself to be the most promising.


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Duckweed—tiny plants with huge potential
Klaus Appenroth (r.) and Gerhard Jahreis in a laboratory of the University Jena with a great collection of duckweed. Credit: Jan-Peter Kasper/FSU Jena

As yet these duckweeds have not been cultivated, but simply 'harvested' from bodies of water. However, there are some initial experimental facilities in Israel and the Netherlands, where duckweeds are produced on an industrial scale. Wolffia globosa measure only 0.7 to 1.5 mm, are oval in shape and rootless. They multiply so rapidly that in a short time they can cover the entire surface of a body of water. A further argument in favour of having these plants as part of the human diet is that duckweeds easily absorb trace elements that are dissolved in water. This means that with little expense and effort, they can be used to relieve deficiency symptoms due to malnutrition.

Other potential applications for duckweeds are fish farming and water purification. The minute plants could also be used for producing bio-ethanol.


Read more at: https://phys.org/news/2017-01-duckweedtiny-huge-potential.html#jCp



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Why You Should Consider Growing Duckweed At Home



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Also known as Lesser Duckweed, this common plan is generally found floating on the surface of marshes, ponds, slow-moving streams and lakes. While this may be among the smallest flowering plants in the world, Duckweed features powerful nutrients ideal for not only your livestock, but also your family. If you’re searching for a natural, cost-effective and healthy alternative to livestock feed, and even as a protein supplement for your family, Duckweed may be what you’re searching for.

Duckweed as Livestock Feed

Farmers, both large and small, continually search for ways to reduce livestock feed expense without sacrificing nutrition. In the farming community, Duckweed has grown in popularity in use due to its easy cultivation methods and high nutritional profile.

Duckweed consists of:

35 to 43 percent of crude protein – around the same concentration as dried soybean meal
5 percent of polyunsaturated fats
5 to 15 percent of fibre
Tract amounts of: carotene, xanthophyll, vitamin A and a host of other nutrients

While the nutrient concentration of Duckweed is what draws some farmers, the ease of its growing and harvesting is its primary attraction. Under ideal growing conditions, such as a simulated and protected lagoon setting, this plant can double its size within a matter of 16 hours to two days. In an average setting, farmers may yield anywhere from 2 to 23 tons of dried plant matter per harvesting year. Its exceptional growth rate and massive harvest yields make Duckweed a viable option for most farmers.

Duckweed for Your Family

Due to its high protein content, many professionals in the realm of sustainable living have noted this plant as a potential life-saving food source should the modern food industry collapse. While its edible for human consumption, before serving this plant to your family, there are several points of interest you must take into consideration:

Duckweed Harvesting Conditions – Naturally grown Duckweed thrives in less-than-sanitary conditions, such as ponds rich with animal waste and bacteria. Due to this, only consume Duckweed cultivated in sanitary conditions, such as in a maintained pool of water.
Calcium Oxalate Concentration – Duckweed can feature 2 to 4 percent calcium oxalate concentrations, which can be toxic to humans. While the oxalate concentration may be controlled by its growing environments, duckweed harvested in the wild must be treated to reduce the oxalate level for safe consumption. Do so by boiling, roasting or sauteing the duckweed before eating.

Once you’ve harvested and prepared Duckweed, its tangy flavour, similar to watercress or spinach, it may be used in salads, sandwiches, soups or any other dish you’d typically find a leafy vegetable. Duckweed has been used for centuries as a food source in Asian cuisine. Experience the nutritional value and pleasant taste, but only after ensuring its safety by cultivating in clean grow areas or by properly cooking to kill harmful bacteria.
(Image from: Wikipedia)


https://knowledgeweighsnothing.com/why-you-should-consider-growing-duckweed-at-home/
 
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How to Grow Duckweed and Water Hyacinth for Cheap Livestock Fodder
By Tasha Greer


I homestead on a really tight budget. I am always looking for ways to keep my animals healthy and cut my feed costs.

Over the last few years, I've explored all kinds of methods for cutting feed costs. Tricks, like fermenting scratch grains, sprouting fodder, and collecting leftovers from friends, are some of the easier methods I use to save money.

Truth be told, though, I don't always have the time to keep up with even those simple tricks. This is why I love growing duckweed and water hyacinth as a feed supplement for my livestock.

You can do it for free, from the convenience of your homestead, with almost no work beyond regular harvesting.

Using Duckweed and Water Hyacinth as Cheap Livestock Fodder

Both duckweed and water hyacinth contain about 95% water. This is similar to wheatgrass grown in water with no soil (e.g. as fodder) or high water content foods like watermelon, zucchini, radish, and cabbage.

Unlike watermelon and cabbage which take months to grow to size, these aquatic plants can literally double in size every 1-6 days in the right conditions. This is why they are sometimes considered invasive weeds in many high-nitrogen, stagnant waterways worldwide.

Due to the high water content in these plants, livestock must consume large quantities of the fresh plants for them to be used as a primary feed source. Most animals will become full from the water content, before ingesting sufficient quantities to meet their daily nutritional needs.

For use as feed staple, you need to dry these plants first. When dried they have a protein content similar to soybeans (or more). However, this takes a lot more work and space.

Instead, similar to giving your livestock cabbage and wheat grass fodder, fresh duckweed, and water hyacinth make a great supplemental feed source as part of a balanced diet. Like those other healthy, tasty treats – your livestock will love you (even more) if you add these easy-to-grow plants to their feed line-up!
Getting Started Growing Duckweed and Water Hyacinth

You only need a few things to start growing these plants at home.

Water containers
A source of natural fertilizer (e.g. animal manure, pond water from ducks, worm castings, etc.)
Tools for harvesting
Water
Duckweed and water hyacinth plants to start

I am being intentionally vague on the kinds of equipment you need. This is because once you get going, you'll realize that you can grow these plants in pretty much any container you can get your hands on, to keep increasing your production.

There are a couple of key things to keep in mind as you choose your production equipment.

First, both of these plants grow on the water surface. The more surface area your container has, the more growing space you have.

This also means they draw oxygen from the air, rather than the water. So, you don't need to worry about water circulation or oxygenation. In fact, they do much better in still, basically stagnant, water. Even wind can slow production.

Containers that are shallow and wide work best. However, you can also just use what you have. Trash cans, buckets, pots, bulk food containers, old coolers, refrigerator drawers, and more can all work well to get you started.

Next, these plants are natural water purifiers. They tend to grow like crazy in places such as human waste processing plants, or rain run-off areas near over-fertilized lawns because they thrive in conditions where most other aquatic plants would suffer from nitrogen and phosphorous overload.

Finally, these plants like warm temperatures. Water hyacinth will die below about 40°F. Duckweed can overwinter in colder climates, but it is not productive until the weather and external temperatures heat back up. Productivity is highly impacted by the level of warmth in the air and water for these plants.
Setting Up Your Production System
1. Choose your location

If you have a greenhouse that you keep above freezing, that will work perfectly. Otherwise, you can use sunny areas in your house or another area that stays warm.

You can also grow these using the same heat and lighting systems you use to grow sprouted grass fodder or start seeds. Note: You need different containers though as seed starting and fodder containers are designed to drain rather than hold water.
2. Choose your containers

The possibilities for containers are almost endless.

I have black drums and trash cans filled with water that I use as heat sinks to help regulate temperatures in my greenhouse. These work great for winter-growing.

As soon as it warms up in my area, I set up $8 kiddie pools in my garden and other fenced areas (to keep my livestock from getting to it). I let my ducks play and mess in the pool below before I shut them out of the area and add plants. These shallow and wide containers give you a whole lot of growing area for just a few bucks.

I like to grow these in every nook and cranny of warm, well-lit space using juice and cat litter containers. Lay those empty containers on their side with the lid in place. Use a sharp box cutter to cut a large opening to use as your growing space and you are ready to grow!

If you don't have containers, check with your local recycling center. Many of them are actually having difficulty finding outlets for plastic processing right now and might be happy to load you up with free containers.

Duckweed plants are tiny and can grow in a teacup. Water hyacinth plants are bigger and will need larger containers.
3. Add water and natural fertilizer

As I mentioned earlier, these plants are nitrogen and phosphorous hogs. This makes livestock manure the perfect source of fertilizer for them.

If you have ducks, you can grow your duckweed and water hyacinth in dirty duck water from your pond or pool.

Or, put at a tablespoon of poultry or worm manure or two tablespoons of ruminant manure in each gallon of water you use. Stir your manure mix and let it meld for a few days until your water is brackish.

Don't worry about being perfect. These plants have a high tolerance range. You can add more water to dilute or more manure to fertilize later if your plants aren't growing as fast as they should.
4. Add your duckweed and water hyacinth to your container

Once your water is brackish, add your plants. Because these plants do grow so easily, you can often source free plants from pond owners. Alternatively, you can order these plants online from aquatic plant suppliers. (Note: Some states restrict these plants because it can be invasive.)

For water hyacinth, you need to group at least 3-4 parent plants together for reproduction. In a larger container, like a kiddie pool, using 6-8 plants will get you even faster results.

For duckweed, aim to cover about 1/5th of the space with plants to start.

If you don't have enough plants to fill all your containers at once, start them in one container. As they reproduce, transfer some of your new plants to your other containers until you have all your containers filled.

My first time growing these, I started with a cup of duckweed. In a few months, I had covered the surface of a 3500-gallon pond with them. (My chickens and ducks ate well that year!)
5. Harvesting and Feeding of Your Livestock

You can harvest using almost any sieve. I like to use the ladle strainers they have at the dollar store. For harvesting from larger containers, sink colanders can make harvesting in a hurry easier.

Just remember to leave at least 3-6 water hyacinth and 1/5th of your duckweed in your container so they can keep reproducing.

For ducks, just toss your harvest into their pond or pool and watch them devour it.

For chickens, dispense as you would other fresh greens. Chickens favor the water hyacinth. Once those are gone, they'll move on to the duckweed.

For pigs, you can add your harvest to their normal feed mash.

For goats, makes sure to drain off any excess water after harvesting.

Some goats take to these aquatic plants right away. Others take a few tries before they learn to love the flavor of these plants. You can add molasses to encourage goats to try these.

If you want to use these plants as more than 10% of your ruminants' (cows, goats, sheep) diet, then you need to dry these first, ferment them, and mix them with a bit of molasse for better palatability and easy digestion.

I am not an authority on rabbits, but I have heard they also love both of these aquatic plants.
6. Maintenance and Trouble Shooting

The water in your systems will evaporate and be reduced when you harvest your plants. Periodically, you'll need to top of your containers with more water mixed with manure. Use the same formula you used initially to establish your system (see point 3).

Three main things impact the reproduction rates of these plants – fertility, heat, and light.

If your plants do not have deep, rich coloring, they are likely lacking in fertilizer. Since the richness of manure varies, if your plants seem pale, add a little more manure to your next round of fertile water.

If your plants are dying, they either need more water to dilute the manure or they are too cold. Add fresh, plain water if cold is not the cause.

Cooler temperatures result in less production. Even at around 40°F, my plants will reproduce. Though, it tends to take nearly a week to get the amount of new production I get in one day at 80°F. To speed things up, add a heat source.

These plants don't need full sun, but you'll get better production rates with more light. If fertility and heat are not your issues, then increasing the amount of light may also help raise production rates.
Cautionary Warnings

As with any feed changes, start slow and give your animals time to adjust.

There is some data that suggests there may be some toxicity, particularly related to water hyacinth, for horses, cats, and dogs. You will want to do additional research before using these plants as a feed source for these and other animals.

Check your local regulations on the legality of growing these plants as a feed source for animals.

Because of the highly productive nature of these plants, do not introduce them into uncontrolled environments such as public water bodies.

If you decide you no longer want to cultivate these plants, remove them from your water supply, allow them to dry entirely, and add them to your compost bin (rather than sending them to the landfill) or burn them.

By the way, these are edible for humans too. However, you probably want to compost your manure before using it to grow these plants (just as you would for your vegetable garden)!


https://morningchores.com/growing-duckweed-and-water-hyacinth/
 

China Connection

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Now the other thing is you are likely to use less water to grow this crop than most other crops. The simple reason is that the water does not drain away.
 

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What’s the Deal With Duckweed?

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In order to produce such a sustainable, high-quality product that LENTEIN offers, you must be wondering: What’s being used, how is it made, and why exactly is it the best product for the job? From daily harvesting, to secure pricing, to functionality and nutrition, duckweed is the best option. Read on to learn more about what it is, how it’s made, and why it’s what LENTEIN uses to make the most complete food source.

The family of duckweeds (the water lentil, or botanically named the Lemnaceae) are the smallest of flowering plants. These plants grow floating in still or slow moving fresh water around the globe, except in the coldest of regions. The growth of these high-protein plants can be very rapid. It is, arguably, the world’s most nutritionally complete and sustainable food source.

But why the water lentil? It has some obvious advantages over other plant protein sources in that it grows incredibly fast, and can be harvested in raceways. Raceways are open-air ponds similar to those in which algae is grown commercially all year round; the water lentil is not a type of algae.

And when we say it grows rapidly, we sure mean it! Under ideal conditions, the area covered by fronds can double in a few days. This rapid growth is propelled by the design of the plant. Each duckweed frond contains a central meristem that is the origin of new fronds—as many as 10-20 more during the vegetative life cycle, depending on the species. Studies show that duckweed can grow 30 percent faster than water hyacinth. Researchers recently studied the growth of 13 species. Representing all five genera of duckweeds under laboratory conditions, and found doubling times ranged from 1.34 to 4.54 days.

Speaking in terms of sustainability, duckweed is also unusual in that 100 percent of the plant is harvested, and then employed in the production of high-value products, while the water used in the raceways mentioned above is recycled back. This creates a closed-loop system.

Marketed as the world’s most nutritionally complete and sustainable food source, the water lentil has a long history of use in feed and food in south east Asia, Africa, and other regions, but has never been produced on a commercial scale for the food industry until now.

But what else is duckweed being used for today? Researchers are using this phenomenal plant to study basic plant development, plant biochemistry, photosynthesis, the toxicity of hazardous substances, and much more. Genetic engineers are also cloning duckweed genes and modifying duckweeds to inexpensively produce pharmaceuticals. Environmental scientists are using duckweed to remove unwanted substances from water, and aquaculturalists find them to be an inexpensive feed source for fish farming.

When it comes to LENTEIN’s process, the only word to describe it is unique. These water lentils are harvested every day from an aqua farm. Then, during the process of cold-extraction (a process whereby a substance is extracted from a mixture via cold water), macro- and micro-nutrients remain intact. The final product, LENTEIN, be blended into protein beverages, cold-pressed juices, and healthy snacks. Rich in vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and micronutrients, water lentils have been described as the world’s most complete food source. LENTEIN contains 65-70 percent concentrated, high quality plant protein, and more essential and branch chain amino acids than any other plant protein. It is also highly digestible compared to plant proteins, with a PDCAAS of 93. To speak to the process, an impressive 98 percent of the water required to produce LENTEIN gets recycled for the next batch!

It’s beyond clear that when it comes to sustainability, whether it’s in regards to eating, science, chemistry, or the environment in general, duckweed takes the gold for its many purposes. At LENTEIN, we really believe that this tiny protein-packed plant can revolutionize the future of our food industry. If you have any other questions about LENTEIN, please tour the rest of this site to learn more.


https://lentein.com/whats-the-deal-with-duckweed/
 

China Connection

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Duckweed as chicken feed
Anna & Mark Chicken feed
Duckweed


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Along with black soldier fly larvae and growing our own grains, duckweed is at the top of our list for this year’s chicken feed experiments. This little plant was a ubiquitous part of my childhood since it grew wild in the ponds I played in. I transplanted some into my own backyard water garden by the simple method of scooping a few leaves up into a quart jar and emptying them into their new home. Given full sunlight and still water, duckweed will grow like crazy until it coats the surface of a pond and has to be scooped out to make room for other plants. Suffice it to say that duckweed is easy to grow and doesn’t need much infrastructure after the original pond-building.

What I wasn’t aware of at the time is that duckweed is extraordinarily high in protein. You’ll remember from my chart of protein content in chicken feed ingredients that corn is 9% protein and dry-roasted soybeans are 37% protein. Well, depending on who you talk to (and presumably depending on the species of duckweed, since there are several), duckweed is 30 to 50% protein. Wow! I’ve read that duckweed can make up to 40% of a chicken’s diet, with 25% being more optimal — that means we’ll be paying 25 to 40% less for chicken feed once we get our duckweed operation up and running. One study suggests that duckweed may be best fed dried and I can envision drying stations where I just scoop duckweed out of the pond and toss it on a table in our hot summer sun.

Duckweed likes high fertility water, but that’s pretty easy to achieve. Some folks take the graywater coming out of their kitchen sinks and channel it into duckweed gardens — the duckweed cleans the water while producing free chicken feed. In my backyard water garden, I just threw several goldfish in the pond and the fish poop was sufficient to keep the duckweed growing like crazy. If you are able to get your fish to reproduce (which mine did after a year or two), then you could even give your chickens a fish now and then as an even higher boost of protein.
This post is part of our Homemade Chicken Feed series. Read all of the entries:

What do chickens eat in the wild?
The basics:
Percent protein in three types of chicken feed
Recipes for homemade starter and grower chicken feeds
Recipes for homemade layer chicken feeds
Protein content in chicken feed ingredients
Vitamins and minerals in chicken feed
Grains:
Growing grains for chicken feed
Sprouting and processing grain for chicken feed
Alternative chicken feed ingredients:
Chickweed is a winter pick-me-up for chickens
Mealworms as chicken feed
Japanese beetles as chicken feed
Black soldier fly larvae as chicken feed
Earthworms as chicken feed
Duckweed as chicken feed
Trash as chicken feed

http://avianaquamiser.com/posts/Duckweed_as_chicken_feed/
 

KittyKatChic

Senior Member
That stuff is the bane of most most pond owners and every freshwater aquarium owner I have ever spoken to. I van kill any plant. But duckweed even grows well for me!
 
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