INTL Another China Cover-Up: Nipah Virus Kills 40%- 70% Infected


Another China Cover-Up: Nipah Virus Kills 40%- 70% Infected

by James DiGeorgia | 03/03/2021 5:10 PM

Another China Cover-Up: Nipah Virus Kills 40%- 70% Infected


We could be looking at the beginning of another China originating viral plague that’s dramatically more deadly than COVID-19. This nightmare Nipah virus could literally kill billions of people. The Chinese are again suppressing news of this deadly new outbreak, keeping it secret even as it begins shutting down large population and manufacturing centers in China.

The present-day virus that escaped from China in 2019, causing 2,567,358 global deaths and trillions of dollars in economic damage, is just now being beaten back. The approval of the Johnson and Johnson (JNJ: NYSE) Covid-19 Vaccine is a game-changer because it requires only one shot and doesn’t have to be stored in ultra-cold temperatures. President Biden’s invocation of the defense production act marries Johnson and Johnson and Merck & Co., Inc. (MRK: NYSE) that will forge a historic manufacturing collaboration between two of the largest U.S. health care and pharmaceutical companies. That will make it possible to produce enough vaccines in the United States for every adult by the end of May.

Yet, while the end of the pandemic may become a reality, a much more dangerous and deadly virus threat is now on the horizon and, yes, being covered up once again by the Chinese government.

The fruit bat-borne virus Nipah literally kills 90% of those infected with it. There is no treatment or cure. This highly contagious virus can lurk in your body for 45 days before symptoms are recognized. This means contact tracing is many times harder to implement.

The Nipah virus was first discovered in 1999 in Malaysia, and it produces nightmarish symptoms like severe brain swelling, seizures, and vomiting.

Outbreaks of the Nipah virus in the south and south-east Asia demonstrate its extremely deadly and kills between 40% to 75% of those infected. Keep in mind Covid-19’s fatality rate is around 1%.

The World Health Organization (WHO) lists it as one of 16 priority pathogens for research and development due to its potential to trigger a pandemic. Nipah is just one of 260 known viruses with pandemic potential.

Nipah also has an exceptionally high rate of mutation, and there are growing fears a strain could mutate any day that makes it much more infectious. It could spread rapidly across the globe in the same way Covid-19 spread. Unlike Covid-19, the Nipah virus could spread from China and from a maze of interconnected countries in South East Asia, easily making it accessible to the rest of the world.

Alt: (Illustration the Nepah Virus)


Covid-19 has killed over 2.5 million people worldwide. If the Nipah virus becomes a pandemic, Dr. Melanie Saville, director of the Vaccine Research and Development Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI), says it could be the next “big one.” Literally, billions of people could die from it.

Nipah is another grave threat of a zoonotic disease which means it’s a virus that can jump from animals to humans. This is becoming a big concern as human populations expand and wildlife habitats get pushed back. Zoonotic diseases, viruses like Nipah are becoming a growing threat. The Nipah virus was first discovered when an infected pig was found by farmers in Malaysia.

Dr. Rebecca Dutch, the Chairperson of the University of Kentucky’s Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry and a world leader in the study of viruses, told the British Sun Newspaper that no current Nipah outbreaks in the world when they interviewed her. She was at the time clearly unaware of the outbreak taking place in China. However, she did assert the virus does occur periodically, and it is “extremely likely” we will see cases in the future. Further, she insisted…

“Nipah is one of the viruses that could absolutely be the cause of a new pandemic.”

She pointed out that like…


“Many other viruses in that family (like measles) transmit well between people, so there is concern that a Nipah variant with increased transmission could arise.”

“Nipah has been shown to transmit through food, as well as via contact with human or animal excretions.”

Yet, a variant could develop that makes it a very infectious airborne virus like Covid-19. Based on the cover-up taking place in China, Nipah may be every bit as contagious as Covid-19 already.

Experts warn that besides fruit bats, pigs have caught the disease by eating infected mangoes and have been proven capable of passing the virus to humans. As of late February, it’s believed that one million pigs believed to be infected with the Nipah virus were slaughtered in Malaysia to prevent them from transferring it to humans.

Dr. Jonathan Epstein, vice president for science and outreach at the EcoHealth Alliance, how alarmed he and other scientists are about the Nipah virus and its potential as a pandemic far worse than Covid-19…

“We know very little about the genetic variety of Nipah-related viruses in bats, and what we don’t want to happen is for a strain to emerge that is more transmissible among people.”

“So far, Nipah is spread among close contact with an infected person, particularly someone with respiratory illness through droplets, and we generally haven’t seen large chains of transmission.”

“However, given enough opportunity to spread from bats to people, and among people, a strain could emerge that is better adapted to spreading among people. That’s what is believed to have happened with Covid-19.”

“This is a zoonotic virus (also known as zoonoses) caused by germs that spread between animals and people. It is knocking on the door, and we have to really work now to understand where human cases are occurring and try to reduce opportunities for a spillover so that it never gets the chance to adapt to humans.”

Alt : (llustration The Next Plague)


The cover-up underway in China of the Nipah virus could mutate into the most deadly pandemic mankind has ever been faced. Perhaps worse than the Black D (also known as the Pestilence, the Great Mortality, or The Plague), a bubonic plague pandemic occurring in Afro-Eurasia from 1346–53. It is considered the most fatal pandemic recorded in human history and has been estimated to have killed 75–200 million people in Eurasia and North Africa, peaking in Europe from 1347 to 1351.

Environmental writer John Vidal, who is working on a book revealing the links between nature and disease, predicted the world would soon face a new Black Death-scale pandemic. He argues that…

“Given the popularity of air travel and global trade, a virus could rampage across the world, unknowingly spread by asymptomatic carriers, in a few weeks, killing tens of millions of


“Mankind has changed its relationship with both wild and farmed animals, destroying their habitats and crowding them together - and the process... is only accelerating.”

“If we fail to appreciate the seriousness of the situation, this present pandemic may be only a precursor to something far graver still.”

The spread of the Nipah Virus throughout Malaysia and now China is not making headlines in the United States. The silence and cover-up in China this time may not cost 600,000 American lives; it could cost 100 million lives if it has mutated and can be transmitted by air particles, human shedding, and the food supply.
 

AlaskaSue

North to the Future
The OP report is dated March 3 2021; the most recent news I can find is regarding the disease killed a boy in India September: Authorities race to contain deadly Nipah virus outbreak in India

Authorities race to contain deadly Nipah virus outbreak in India
New Delhi — Authorities in India's southern Kerala state are racing to contain an outbreak of the Nipah virus. The virus, which is not related to the coronavirus behind the current global pandemic and is far more deadly, killed a 12-year-old boy in Kerala over the weekend, prompting stepped-up efforts to trace his contacts. New infections have been confirmed.

The boy was admitted to a hospital a week ago with high fever. As his condition worsened and doctors suspected inflammation of his brain (encephalitis), his blood samples were sent to the National Institute of Virology, where tests confirmed a Nipah infection. He died early on Sunday.

Government authorities have stepped up contact tracing efforts, identifying, quarantining and testing people who may have come into contact with the young victim. According to the state's health minister, Veena George, 188 people who came into contact with the boy had been identified by Monday. Of them, 20 were considered high-risk primary contacts — primarily his family members, all of whom were being held under strict quarantine or hospitalized.

Two healthcare workers who came into contact with the victim were already showing symptoms of Nipah infection by Monday. They were admitted to a hospital and their blood samples sent for testing.

Authorities sealed off the area within about a two-mile radius of the boy's home, and they were screening people for symptoms in all adjoining districts of Kerala state. The neighboring state of Tamil Nadu was also on high alert for any suspect cases of fever.

This is the second time in three years that a Nipah virus outbreak has been reported in Kerala, which is also reeling under a high rate of COVID-19 infections. The state reports about 68% of India's approximately 40,000 new cases every day.
 

LoupGarou

Ancient Fuzzball
Would it even work??

From the article "There is no treatment or cure."

They have tested it against other viruses and are testing it now against NIPAH. They know it works against NIPAH's

...
Thus, in a very real sense, the current advancements in dealing with COVID-19 rests on the shoulders of knowledge gained from the river blindness effort. In fact, Ivermectin is currently being evaluated in clinical trials as a way to inhibit the virus in cells. How Ivermectin acts as an antiviral is unknown but it has also been found to inhibit viral replication with other RNA viruses, including dengue virus and Zika virus.
...

Ivermectin proposes many potentials effects to treat a range of diseases, with its antimicrobial, antiviral, and anti-cancer properties as a wonder drug. It is highly effective against many microorganisms including some viruses. In this comprehensive systematic review, antiviral effects of ivermectin are summarized including in vitro and in vivo studies over the past 50 years. Several studies reported antiviral effects of ivermectin on RNA viruses such as Zika, dengue, yellow fever, West Nile, Hendra, Newcastle, Venezuelan equine encephalitis, chikungunya, Semliki Forest, Sindbis, Avian influenza A, Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome, Human immunodeficiency virus type 1, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Furthermore, there are some studies showing antiviral effects of ivermectin against DNA viruses such as Equine herpes type 1, BK polyomavirus, pseudorabies, porcine circovirus 2, and bovine herpesvirus 1. Ivermectin plays a role in several biological mechanisms, therefore it could serve as a potential candidate in the treatment of a wide range of viruses including COVID-19 as well as other types of positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses. In vivo studies of animal models revealed a broad range of antiviral effects of ivermectin, however, clinical trials are necessary to appraise the potential efficacy of ivermectin in clinical setting.
...

They are using it against Henipavirus, which is in the same family as Nipah.

Hendra virus (HeV) is a paramyxovirus that causes lethal disease in humans, for which no vaccine or antiviral agent is available. HeV V protein is central to pathogenesis through its ability to interact with cytoplasmic host proteins, playing key antiviral roles. Here we use immunoprecipitation, siRNA knockdown and confocal laser scanning microscopy to show that HeV V shuttles to and from the nucleus through specific host nuclear transporters. Spectroscopic and small angle X-ray scattering studies reveal HeV V undergoes a disorder-to-order transition upon binding to either importin α/β1 or exportin-1/Ran-GTP, dependent on the V N-terminus. Importantly, we show that specific inhibitors of nuclear transport prevent interaction with host transporters, and reduce HeV infection. These findings emphasize the critical role of host-virus interactions in HeV infection, and potential use of compounds targeting nuclear transport, such as the FDA-approved agent ivermectin, as anti-HeV agents.
...

More reading:
 

jward

passin' thru
Last time they were beating this fear drum we were told the following... but of course, the labs' have had plenty of time to iron out the kinks eh




Gabe F. Guidarini
GabeGuidarini

12h

This is fear porn. Nipah has been going around India for decades.


Florian Krammer
@florian_krammer

Sep 7

This will very likely be contained. But Nipah virus is scary. It can spread from human to human (but inefficiently), causes respiratory disease but also encephalitis and has a fairly high CFR (above 50%). It would be good to have a vaccine ready.

https://twitter.com/i/web/status/1435199446262890498
View: https://twitter.com/florian_krammer/status/1435199446262890498?s=20






Insider Paper
@TheInsiderPaper

14h

NEW A 12-year-old boy has died in India of Nipah, a rare virus that is far deadlier than COVID-19 — and one that health officials have long feared could start a global pandemic. - New York Post


ℝℕ
@YK60304116

Sep 6

Nipah virus Nipah virus (NiV) is a zoonotic virus and can also be transmitted through contaminated food or directly between people. In infected people, it causes a range of illnesses from asymptomatic infection to acute respiratory illness and fatal encephalitis.

https://twitter.com/i/web/status/1434874257939435528
View: https://twitter.com/YK60304116/status/1434874257939435528?s=20
 

psychgirl

Has No Life - Lives on TB
I hope this isn't the beginning like in 2019.
For some reason this story reminds me of what we were reading before all the crazy videos (from china) started to surface.
Just the very same thought I had.
Bookmark this thread***
 

LoupGarou

Ancient Fuzzball
What you all really need to do is search for all of the major BSL-4 "Scary" viruses out there and see how many they have made "vaccines" for in the last 2-3 years. The answer is QUITE shocking. (OK, I'm not really shocked, or even surprised anymore...).

https://investors.modernatx.com/static-files/ea43114f-0a69-43d4-876d-1f59ca32212b (Yes, Moderna already has one, Go figure...)

Yes, most of the world's "pandemic level viruses" now have a hot special mRNA or similar "vaccine" either in the works, or ready for "testing" right now. How convenient.

I'm going to go back to the Megadeth MP3 pile I was listening to now....
 

Elza

Veteran Member
Well, many people have speculated that another, deadlier, virus was going to be released at some point because not enough of us useless eaters are buying into the covid19 plandemic anymore.
But far too many have. IMHO, it's a binary attack. Destroy the immune systems of people taking the "vax" then turn another virus loose. Instant (more or less) population reduction.
 

Thinwater

Firearms Manufacturer
This virus can't become a pandemic as is. It is hard for it to spread human to human, same for the Hendra virus.

If Fauci does gain of function all bets are off.
 

et2

Has No Life - Lives on TB
Either a new virus or a new psyop. I'm not able to tell the difference yet.

leaning psyop. If it were real … right now. There would be a lot of dead Chinese if at the point they know about it. If of course … a Bio Weapon … all bets are off. Preparing us for … never going back to “ before normal”.
 

Night Breeze

Veteran Member
Well, let me see. It's a virus, spread by bats to humans, the bats have numerous colonies in China, China has the Wuhan laboratory that is up and running, and China is starting to isolate large populated areas and keep dirty little scientific secrets. I wonder if they could have used gain of function technology at the same time as covid was being made. While the Chinese were looking at the the lesser of the genies thet real danger popped out of another leaky bottle of death. All of this during similar time frames?
 

China Connection

TB Fanatic
The other virus that worries Asia

By Harriet Constable12th January 2021

The death rate for Nipah virus is up to 75% and it has no vaccine. While the world focuses on Covid-19, scientists are working hard to ensure it doesn't cause the next pandemic.
I
It was 3 January 2020, and Supaporn Wacharapluesadee was standing by, awaiting a delivery. Word had spread that there was some kind of respiratory disease affecting people in Wuhan, China, and with the Lunar New Year approaching, many Chinese tourists were headed to neighbouring Thailand to celebrate. Cautiously, the Thai government began screening passengers arriving from Wuhan at the airport, and a few select labs – including Wacharapluesadee's – were chosen to process the samples to try to detect the problem.
Wacharapluesadee is an expert virus hunter. She runs the Thai Red Cross Emerging Infectious Disease-Health Science Centre in Bangkok. Over the past 10 years, she's been part of Predict, a worldwide effort to detect and stop diseases that can jump from non-human animals to humans.
She and her team have sampled many species. But their main focus has been on bats, which are known to harbour many coronaviruses.
She and her team were able to understand the disease in just a matter of days, detecting the first case of Covid-19 outside of China. They found that – as well as being a novel virus that didn't originate in humans – it was most closely linked to coronaviruses they had already found in bats. Thanks to the early information, the government was able to act quickly to quarantine patients and advise citizens. Despite being a country of nearly 70 million people, as of 3 January 2021 Thailand had recorded 8,955 cases and 65 deaths.
The next threat
But even as the world grapples with Covid-19, Wacharapluesadee is already looking to the next pandemic.

Supaporn Wacharapluesadee speaks with her team, which was the first to confirm a Covid-19 case outside China, on a bat collecting mission in September 2020 (Credit: Getty Images)

Supaporn Wacharapluesadee speaks with her team, which was the first to confirm a Covid-19 case outside China, on a bat collecting mission in September 2020 (Credit: Getty Images)
Asia has a high number of emerging infectious diseases. Tropical regions have a rich array of biodiversity, which means they are also home to a large pool of pathogens, increasing the chances that a novel virus could emerge. Growing human populations and increasing contact between people and wild animals in these regions also ups the risk factor.
Over the course of a career sampling thousands of bats, Wacharapluesadee and her colleagues have discovered many novel viruses. They've mostly found coronaviruses, but also other deadly diseases that can spill over to humans. (Watch a short film about the viruses that pose the greatest threat of causing a pandemic on BBC Reel.)
The death rate for Nipah ranges from 40% up to 75%
These include the Nipah virus. Fruit bats are its natural host. "It's a major concern because there's no treatment… and a high mortality rate [is] caused by this virus," says Wacharapluesadee. The death rate for Nipah ranges from 40% up to 75%, depending on where the outbreak occurs.
She isn't alone in her worry. Each year, the World Health Organization (WHO) reviews the large list of pathogens that could cause a public health emergency to decide how to prioritise their research and development funds. They focus on those that pose the greatest risk to human health, those that have epidemic potential, and those for which there are no vaccines.
Nipah virus is in their top 10. And, with a number of outbreaks having happened in Asia already, it is likely we haven't seen the last of it.
Fruit bats are Nipah’s natural host (Credit: Getty Images)

Fruit bats are Nipah’s natural host (Credit: Getty Images)
There are several reasons the Nipah virus is so sinister. The disease's long incubation period (reportedly as long as 45 days, in one case) means there is ample opportunity for an infected host, unaware they are even ill, to spread it. It can infect a wide range of animals, making the possibility of it spreading more likely. And it can be caught either through direct contact or by consuming contaminated food.
Someone with Nipah virus may experience respiratory symptoms including a cough, sore throat, aches and fatigue, and encephalitis, a swelling of the brain which can cause seizures and death. Safe to say, it's a disease that the WHO would like to prevent from spreading.
Exposure is everywhere
It's first light in Battambang, a city on the Sangkae River in north-west Cambodia. At the morning market, which starts at 05:00, motorbikes weave past shoppers, kicking up dust in their wake. Carts piled high with goods and covered in colourful sheets are perched next to makeshift stalls selling misshapen fruits. Locals wander in and out of the stands, plastic bags bulging with their purchases. Elderly ladies in wide-brimmed hats crouch over blankets covered with vegetables for sale.
In other words, it's a fairly normal morning market. That is, until you crane your neck to the sky.
The morning market at Battambang, Cambodia would be an unremarkable affair – except for its fruit bats (Credit: Piseth Morais)

The morning market at Battambang, Cambodia would be an unremarkable affair – except for its fruit bats (Credit: Piseth Morais)
Hanging quietly in the trees above are thousands of fruit bats, defecating and urinating on anything that passes below them. On closer inspection the roofs of the market stalls are covered in bat faeces. "People and stray dogs walk under the roosts exposed to bat urine every day," says Veasna Duong, head of the virology unit at the scientific research lab Institut Pasteur in Phnom Penh and a colleague and collaborator of Wacharapluesadee's.
The Battambang market is one of many locations where Duong has identified fruit bats and other animals coming into contact with humans on a daily basis in Cambodia. Any opportunity for humans and fruit bats to get near to one another is considered a "high risk interface" by his team, meaning a spillover is highly possible. "This kind of exposure might allow the virus to mutate, which might cause a pandemic," says Duong.
Despite the dangers, the examples of close proximity are endless. "We observe [fruit bats] here and in Thailand, in markets, worship areas, schools and tourist locations like Angkor Wat – there's a big roost of bats there," he says. In a normal year, Angkor Wat hosts 2.6 million visitors: that's 2.6 million opportunities for Nipah virus to jump from bats to humans annually in just one location.


Fruit bats fly above the Battambang morning market, one of many locations in Cambodia where bats and humans come into close contact daily (Credit: Piseth Mora)

Fruit bats fly above the Battambang morning market, one of many locations in Cambodia where bats and humans come into close contact daily (Credit: Piseth Mora)
From 2013 to 2016, Duong and his team launched a GPS tracking programme to understand more about fruit bats and Nipah virus, and to compare the activities of Cambodian bats to bats in other hotspot regions.
Two of these are Bangladesh and India. Both countries have experienced Nipah virus outbreaks in the past, both of which are likely linked to drinking date palm juice.
At night, infected bats would fly to date palm plantations and lap up the juice as it poured out of the tree. As they feasted, they would urinate in the collection pot. Innocent locals would pick up a juice the next day from their street vendor, slurp away and become infected with the disease.
Across 11 different outbreaks of Nipah in Bangladesh from 2001 to 2011, 196 people were detected to have Nipah – 150 died.
Date palm juice is also popular in Cambodia, where Duong and his team have found that fruit bats in Cambodia fly far – up to 100km each night – to find fruit. That means humans in these regions need to be concerned not just about being too close to bats, but also about consuming products that bats might have contaminated.
Duong and his team identified other high-risk situations, too. Bat faeces (called guano) make for popular fertiliser in Cambodia and Thailand and in rural areas with few work opportunities, selling bat droppings can be a vital way to make a living. Duong identified many locations where locals were encouraging the fruit bats, also known as flying foxes, to roost nearby their homes so they could collect and sell their guano.
Villagers harvest guano, a popular fertiliser in Cambodia and Thailand but one that comes with risks (Credit: Sa Sola)

Villagers harvest guano, a popular fertiliser in Cambodia and Thailand but one that comes with risks (Credit: Sa Sola)
But many guano harvesters have no idea what risks they face in doing so. "Sixty percent of people we interviewed didn't know that bats transmit disease. There is still a lack of knowledge," says Duong.
Back at the Battambang market, Sophorn Deun is selling duck eggs. Asked if she had heard of Nipah virus, one of the many risky diseases the bats could be carrying, she says, "Never. The villagers are not bothered by the flying foxes, I have never gotten sick from them."
Educating locals about the threats faced by bats should be a major initiative, Duong believes.
Changing the world
Avoiding bats may have been simple at one point in human history, but as our population expands, humans are changing the planet and destroying wild habitats to meet the increasing demand for resources. Doing so is driving up the spread of disease. "The spread of these [zoonotic] pathogens and risk of transmission accelerate with… land-use changes such as deforestation, urbanisation, and agricultural intensification," write authors Rebekah J White and Orly Razgour in a 2020 University of Exeter review about emerging zoonotic diseases.
Sixty percent of the world's population already lives in Asia and the Pacific regions, and rapid urbanisation is still taking place. According to the World Bank, almost 200 million people moved to urban areas in East Asia between the years 2000 and 2010.

What will the next pandemic be?
The destruction of bat habitats has caused Nipah infections in the past. In 1998, a Nipah virus outbreak in Malaysia killed more than 100 people. Researchers concluded that forest fires and local drought had dislodged the bats from their natural habitat and forced them towards fruit trees – trees grown on the same farms as pigs. Under stress, bats have been shown to shed more viruses. The combination of being forced to relocate and being in close contact with a species they would not normally interact with allowed the virus to jump from bats to pigs, and onwards to the farmers.
Meanwhile, Asia is home to nearly 15% of the world's tropical forests, but the region is also a deforestation hotspot. The continent ranks among the highest in the world for biodiversity loss. Much of it is due to the destruction of forests into plantations for products like palm oil, but also to create residential areas and space for livestock.
Asia is seeing high levels of deforestation, often due to building plantations for products like palm oil (Credit: Getty Images)

Asia is seeing high levels of deforestation, often due to building plantations for products like palm oil (Credit: Getty Images)
Fruit bats tend to live in thick forest regions with lots of fruit trees for them to feed on. When their habitat is destroyed or damaged, they find new solutions – like the roost of a house, or the creviced turrets of Angkor Wat. "The destruction of bat habitat and the interference of humans through hunting drives flying foxes to search for alternative roosts," says Duong. It's likely the bats that Duong's team have monitored travelling up to 100km per night for fruit are doing so because their natural habitat no longer exists.
But bats, we now know, harbour a number of nasty diseases – Nipah and Covid-19, but also Ebola and Sars.
Should we just eradicate bats? Not unless we want to make things much worse, says Tracey Goldstein, institute director at the One Health Institute Laboratory and lab director of the Predict Project.
Bats play hugely important ecological roles – Tracey Goldstein
"Bats play hugely important ecological roles,” says Goldstein. They pollinate more than 500 plant species. They also help to keep insects in check – playing a hugely important role in disease control in humans by, for example, reducing malaria by eating mosquitoes, says Goldstein.
"They play a hugely important role in human health."
While bats carry diseases, they also help with disease control in humans by eating insects – so culling them isn’t a good option, say scientists (Credit: Getty Images)

While bats carry diseases, they also help with disease control in humans by eating insects – so culling them isn’t a good option, say scientists (Credit: Getty Images)
 

China Connection

TB Fanatic
She also points out that culling bats has been shown to be detrimental from a disease perspective. "What a population does when you decrease numbers is to have more babies – that would make [a human] more susceptible. By killing animals you increase the risk, because you increase the number of animals shedding virus," she says.
Finding answers, creating questions
For as many answers as Duong and his team find, more questions are always cropping up. One is: why hasn't Cambodia experienced a Nipah virus outbreak yet, given all the risk factors? Is it a matter of time, or are Cambodian fruit bats slightly different to Malaysian fruit bats, for example? Is the virus in Cambodia different to Malaysia? Is the way humans are interacting with bats different in each country?
Duong's team are working to find out the answers, but they don't know yet.
Veasna Duong and his team still have a number of questions about bats and Nipah virus that they want to answer (Credit: Sa Sola)

Veasna Duong and his team still have a number of questions about bats and Nipah virus that they want to answer (Credit: Sa Sola)
Of course, Duong's team isn't alone in looking at these questions. Virus hunting is a massive global collaborative effort, with scientists, veterinarians, conservationists and even citizen scientists teaming up to understand what diseases we face and how to avoid an outbreak.
When Duong samples a bat and finds Nipah virus, he sends it to David Williams, head of the Emergency Disease Laboratory Diagnosis Group at the Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness.
Because Nipah virus is so dangerous – it is considered by governments across the globe to have bioterrorism potential – only a handful of laboratories across the world are allowed to culture, grow and store it.
Williams's lab is one of them. His team are some of the world's leading experts on Nipah virus, with access to a huge range of diagnostic tools not available in most labs. Wearing airtight containment suits, they are able to grow more of the highly dangerous virus from a tiny sample and then, working with a bigger load, to run tests to understand how it is replicated, transmitted and how it causes disease.
It's quite the operation to get to this point: first, Duong collects bat urine by spreading a plastic sheet under a bat roost in Cambodia. This avoids having to catch the bats, which can be traumatising for them. He takes his samples back to the lab, decants them into tubes, labels them and packs them safely into cool boxes. These are collected by a special courier who is approved to ship dangerous goods and flown to Australia, where the virus samples pass through customs to have the accompanying licenses and permits approved.
One of Duong’s team works with a sample of bat urine (Credit: Sa Sola)

One of Duong’s team works with a sample of bat urine (Credit: Sa Sola)
Eventually they arrive at Williams's lab. After testing, he'll share the results with Duong back in Cambodia. I ask Williams if building more high-security labs like his across the globe might speed up the detection of harmful diseases. "Potentially yes, by putting more [biosecure] labs in places like Cambodia that could speed up characterisation and diagnosis of these viruses," he says. "However, they're expensive to build and maintain. Often that's the limiting element."
Funding for the work that Duong and Wacharapluesadee are carrying out has been patchy in the past. The 10-year Predict programme was allowed to expire by the Trump administration, although US President-elect Joe Biden has promised to restore it. Meanwhile, Wacharapluesadee has funding for a new initiative called the Thai Virome Project, a collaboration between her team and the government's Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation in Thailand. This will allow her to sample more bats and a wider range of wildlife to understand the diseases they harbour and the threats to human health.
Duong and his team are searching for funding for their next pathogen detection trip – one to support the continuous surveillance of bats in Cambodia and to understand if there have been so-far-unreported infections in humans.
Duong’s team are currently searching for funding for their next pathogen detection trip (Credit: Sa Sola)

Duong’s team are currently searching for funding for their next pathogen detection trip (Credit: Sa Sola)
They have not yet managed to secure the money to continue their Nipah virus work. Without it, they say, a potentially catastrophic outbreak is more likely.
"The long-term surveillance helps us… inform authorities [to enact] preventive measures and to prevent undetected spillover which would cause bigger outbreak," says Duong. And without continued training, scientists might not be able to identify and characterise new viruses rapidly, as Wacharapluesadee did with Covid-19 in Thailand. This information is needed to start working on a vaccine.
When we spoke in June 2020 via video call, I asked if Wacharapluesadee was proud of her team's remarkable achievement. "Proud?" she said. "Yes, I am proud.
"But the Predict project was an exercise on how to diagnose novel viruses from wild animals. So when me and my team found the genome of the [coronavirus pathogen] it's not too much [of a] surprise, because of the research project. It gave us a lot of experience. It strengthened our capacity," she said.
Duong and Wacharapluesadee hope to continue collaborating to fight Nipah virus in South East Asia, and the pair have drafted a proposal for Nipah virus surveillance in the region together. They plan to submit it to the Defense Threat Reduction Agency, a US governmental organisation which funds work aimed at reducing the threats posed by infectious disease agents, once the Covid-19 crisis subsides.
In September 2020 I asked Wacharapluesadee if she thinks she can stop the next pandemic. She was sitting in her office in her white lab coat, having processed hundreds of thousands of samples to test for Covid-19 in the past months – far beyond the usual capacity of her lab in any more usual year.
Despite it all, a smile broke across her face. "I will try!" she said.
With additional reporting by Mora Piseth in Cambodia.
Reporting for this story, part of our series Stopping the Next One, was supported with funding from the Pulitzer Center.
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SHA

 

Jaybird

Veteran Member
I don't see how all these bats spontaneously migrated to the outbreak points on that map unless someone turned it lose there. Looks sketchy to me.

1- Nipah Plague.jpg
 

Luddite

Veteran Member
I don't see how all these bats spontaneously migrated to the outbreak points on that map unless someone turned it lose there. Looks sketchy to me.

View attachment 296319
I think the existing colonies are long established. The virus is nothing new.

The sketchy part is the reality that people exist that appear willing to take advantage of a crisis. Or, worse yet, weaponize a crisis.

China is building more quarantine units this month.

With the reported 45 day incubation, longer quarantines would be a clue anywhere in the world.
Assuming tptb want to give an appearance they're interested in prevention.
 

Richard

TB Fanatic

Nipah virus infection
  • Overview
  • Symptoms
  • Treatment
Nipah virus infection is a zoonotic illness that is transmitted to people from animals, and can also be transmitted through contaminated food or directly from person-to-person. In infected people, it causes a range of illnesses from asymptomatic (subclinical) infection to acute respiratory illness and fatal encephalitis. The virus can also cause severe disease in animals such as pigs, resulting in significant economic losses for farmers.
Although Nipah virus has caused only a few known outbreaks in Asia, it infects a wide range of animals and causes severe disease and death in people.
During the first recognized outbreak in Malaysia, which also affected Singapore, most human infections resulted from direct contact with sick pigs or their contaminated tissues. Transmission is thought to have occurred via unprotected exposure to secretions from the pigs, or unprotected contact with the tissue of a sick animal.

In subsequent outbreaks in Bangladesh and India, consumption of fruits or fruit products (such as raw date palm juice) contaminated with urine or saliva from infected fruit bats was the most likely source of infection.
Human-to-human transmission of Nipah virus has also been reported among family and care givers of infected patients.
 
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