WAR 05-21-2016-to-05-27-2016_____****THE****WINDS****of****WAR****

Housecarl

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http://www.weeklystandard.com/ploughshares-and-the-iran-deal-echo-chamber/article/2002528

Ploughshares and the Iran Deal Echo Chamber

4:04 PM, May 24, 2016 | By Lee Smith

Guess who's not part of the White House's Iran deal "echo chamber"? Yep, Qassem Suleimani. The head of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps' Quds Force thinks Iran and America aren't poised for realignment, but rather are at war. And Iran, he says, is thrashing the great Satan. "Iran relied on logic during its confrontation with the U.S. and benefited from its enemies' mistakes," Suleimani said in a speech yesterday. "Iranian support [of the Assad regime] forced America to back down from its goals in Syria."

What an ingrate! The White House frees up tens of billions of dollars so the Iranians can continue helping Assad wage his murderous campaign of sectarian cleansing in Syria, and Tehran's Mr. Fix-It turns around and rubs it in the administration's face. The only alternative to the nuclear deal, said the White House and its various friends in the media, academy, and think-tank community, is war. Wrong, says Suleimani, there's only war. It looks like the IRGC's external operations unit is not getting the Ploughshares talking points.

Last week, the Associated Press reported that the Ploughshares Fund gave financial support to media outlets, including National Public Radio, as part of its efforts to support the White House's nuclear deal with Iran. According to Ploughshares' 2015 annual report, the organization gave NPR $100,000 to help it report on the nuclear deal and related issues in 2015. Reports elsewhere indicate that the foundation has given NPR $700,000 over the last decade.

Both NPR and Ploughshares argue that the grant didn't affect reporting the agreement. "We have a rigorous editorial firewall process in place to ensure our coverage is independent and is not influenced by funders or special interests," the partially publicly supported media outlet claimed. Funding, Ploughshares' spokeswoman Jennifer Abrahamson told the AP, "does not influence the editorial content of their coverage in any way, nor would we want it to."

This is ridiculous. If Ploughshares didn't want to influence the editorial content in line with its mission—to "build a safe, secure world by developing and investing in initiatives to reduce and ultimately eliminate the world's nuclear stockpiles"—it would rightly have to answer to its own financial backers for wasting their money. It's clear from other internal Ploughshares documents, in fact, that the fund closely tracks whether it's getting its money's worth from directly funding the media.

In 2014 Ploughshares commissioned a "Cultural Strategy Report" describing how the fund could use Hollywood, radio, journalists, and even video games to push its agenda. A section on how to provide money to journalists acknowledges "we understand that similar efforts supported by Ploughshares Fund in the past did not generate the desired volume of coverage (funding of reporters at The Nation and Mother Jones and a partnership with the Center for Public Integrity to create a national security desk)." Note that NPR is not mentioned, and how $100,000 was transferred to NPR in 2015, as it had been most years over the past decade.

Since David Samuels' controversial profile of Obama lieutenant Ben Rhodes was published in the New York Times Magazine two weeks ago, a map of what Rhodes called the echo chamber has begun to emerge. Ploughshares, as Rhodes noted, was among those individuals and organizations who "were saying things that validated what we had given them to say" about the nuclear deal. And to ensure the cycle of mutually assured validation, Ploughshares supported others to keep them everyone on message. It wasn't just NPR, or experiments with Mother Jones and the Nation.

It's now been reported that funds were also distributed to an Iranian former nuclear negotiator teaching at Princeton (Reuel Marc Gerecht wrote about him here); research organizations and think-tanks, like the Brookings Institution, the Atlantic Council, and the Arms Control Association; to a range of communitarian interest groups, lobbies and faith based organizations like J Street, the National Iranian American Council, and Friends Committee on National Legislation, which calls itself a "Quaker Lobby in the Public Interest"; even to an email listserv, Gulf 2000, that disseminated Iran deal talking points, as well as conspiracy theories, to policymakers, analysts, and journalists, including Iran deal advocates like Al-Monitor journalist Laura Rozen and Ploughshares President Joe Cirincione.

As Rhodes explained to Samuels, he saw the echo chamber, a "far-reaching spin campaign," as the only way to conduct the nuclear agreement with Iran. "I mean, I'd prefer a sober, reasoned public debate, after which members of Congress reflect and take a vote," said Rhodes. "But that's impossible."

But it was the echo chamber that made public debate impossible. That was its purpose.

According to the echo chamber, no critic or opponent of the Iran deal was operating in good faith. They were all liars or warmongers, or disloyal and bought by a foreign government. The White House and its media surrogates trafficked in plainly anti-Semitic conceits to intimidate opponents, like leaders in the American Jewish community and even lawmakers from the president's own party, like senators Charles Schumer and Robert Menendez.

But perhaps the clearest illustration of how the administration and its allies waged its campaign comes from a report published by the Institute for Science and International Security, a non-profit organization headed by David Albright, a physicist who among other distinctions cooperated with the IAEA's Action Team from 1992-1997. Albright and his organization were not opposed to a negotiated agreement to halt Iran's nuclear weapons program, but made themselves inconvenient because they consistently made recommendations about how to close loopholes the Iranians might exploit in the future. And so the echo chamber went to work. An excerpt from ISIS' 2014 report, "Iran's Stock of near 20 Percent LEU under the Extension of the Joint Plan of Action" describes the echo chamber at work:

Several media outlets and groups, including Al Monitor, Arms Control Association (ACA), and the National Iranian American Council (NIAC) have omitted this aspect of the story in their reporting on the extension agreement. For example, ACA and Al Monitor both stated, "Iran will convert 35 additional kg of its [ACA stated Iran's] remaining 75 kg of 20% oxide into reactor fuel," without discussing the large fraction of near 20 percent LEU that has not ended up in fuel assemblies. NIAC did the same in a policy memo with a few more words added for clarity's sake and made more mistakes in its reporting on the extension. These groups have little in-house technical expertise and thus should avoid making snap judgments without the added background of technical analysis. However, this explanation does not completely explain the errors and omissions. The information about the TRR fuel is readily available in International Atomic Energy Agency reports and each of these groups analyzes to some extent these reports. In addition, although perhaps not intentionally due to the confusion over the provisions, these groups also mistakenly reported on the limitations in the November extension agreement, incorrectly describing additional monitoring as "snap" inspections and misunderstanding limitations on the IR-6 centrifuge.

But as another problem, there appears to be groupthink going on among some of these and other groups leading to a willingness to uncritically and unwaveringly support the interim deal and defensively react to any compliance questions. In the past, at least, individuals from these three groups in particular participated in a Ploughshares Fund sponsored Iran listserv that shared and shaped positions on addressing the Iranian nuclear issue in the media and in analysis. Based on ISIS staff's experience as participants on this listserv a few years ago, this shaping too often devolved into poor analysis. ISIS first attempted to improve and correct analysis, and then ISIS staff decided to remove themselves from the listserv. It is unclear if the groupthink element and one-sided shaping are happening here, or if the listserv still exists, but it is worth asking.

Ploughshares believes that silencing critics of a flawed nuclear agreement and filling the public sphere with incomplete or false information is heroic. In the organization's 2015 annual report, board chairwoman Mary Lloyd Estrin wrote of "the absolutely critical role that civil society played in tipping the scales towards this extraordinary policy victory." It's perhaps not surprising that Ploughshares confuses the people and institutions it supports with the public sphere, but in this case at least it's precisely the opposite.

Civil society is the assortment of institutions, like the media, the academy, non-governmental organizations, etc. that exist apart from and frequently in opposition to the government in order to express the will of the citizens of a free society. Its purpose is to inform those citizens so they are better equipped to make decisions about their lives and the life of the nation and thereby hold their government accountable.

But Ploughshares conscripted journalists, researchers, and NGOs to do the opposite, and to promote what everyone acknowledges was the Obama administration's most fundamental second term agenda item, what Rhodes once described as the foreign policy equivalent of Obamacare. What Ploughshares did was to pollute the public sphere with self-validated and self-validating noise for the purpose of deceiving the public on behalf of the state. It seems that for the Ploughshares Fund, the highest form of patriotism is manufacturing consent.

If the White House threatened to punish Democrats tempted to challenge the deal, Ploughshares helped lawmakers feel better about caving in. They paid for think tanks to produce incomplete or erroneous factsheets, they paid for journalists to publish it, and they paid for lobbyists to carry it to Capitol Hill.

Still, Rhodes may be giving Ploughshares too much credit. The president of the United States usually gets his way in foreign affairs. Ploughshares' spirited push-back against right-wing institutions like the New York Times Magazine and the Associated Press is perhaps best seen as a fund-raising campaign: Sign on with the winners who helped the White House win.

As we are starting to see now, the echo chamber wasn't just a political instrument used to win a policy debate. It is also the manifestation of a political sensibility of an administration whose spirit of governance is fueled by contempt and paranoia.

Neither the White House nor the Ploughshares Fund believes that it endangered democratic society by corrupting the public sphere. No, they preserved it by helping to shut out one side. You can't have a rational debate, said Rhodes. And that's because the people who most threaten your peace, prosperity, and liberty are those you share a country with. It's because the gravest danger you face is not an Iranian terrorist who says he is at war with you, but your neighbor who votes differently than you.
 

Housecarl

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http://www.vox.com/2016/5/26/11774482/venezuela-socialist-collapse

How Venezuela’s socialist dream collapsed into a nightmare

Updated by Francisco Toro on May 26, 2016, 8:10 a.m. ET

Venezuela is in the midst of a stunning social, political, and economic collapse. The country of 30 million people is facing dire food and medicine shortages, frequent power outages, serious political unrest, the world’s highest inflation rate, rampant violent crime, and one of the world’s highest murder rates. Earlier this month, Venezuela’s president, Nicolás Maduro, declared a state of emergency.

In short, Venezuela has become the world’s most visibly failing state.

It wasn’t supposed to go like this. Not so long ago, Venezuela’s socialist revolution attracted its share of fellow travelers — first-world idealists hungry for the next earthly utopia. Those folks are thin on the ground these days.

Here, then, is the story of how a relatively wealthy, relatively sophisticated country suddenly imploded under the weight of its own terrible choices — and why the worst may still be to come.

Chavismo’s disastrous policies created this nightmare

Venezuela’s collapse is the end result of two decades of chavismo: Venezuela’s own brand of aggressive left-wing populism, founded by the late Hugo Chávez and carried on today by his hand-picked successor, Maduro.

Taking his cue from Cuba’s Fidel Castro, Chávez saw the partnership between Venezuela’s business elite and the United States as the source of all of his country’s problems. To bring dignity and inclusion to Venezuela’s poor, he aggressively set out to break up that US-bourgeois alliance by minutely regulating every aspect of economic life and centralizing all decisions in his own hands.

The humanitarian tragedy these policies were creating was kept at bay, for much of the decade and a half, by sky-high oil prices, which buried Venezuela — a big-time oil exporter — under a tsunami of petrodollars.

Today that tsunami has receded, and what's left behind is the catastrophic consequences of the world’s most garishly mismanaged economy.

A wave of expropriations beginning in 2005 left most medium and large companies in state hands, to be run by bureaucrats who proved often venal and almost always incompetent. Even businesses left in private hands faced an unmanageable thicket of regulation over every imaginable aspect of their operations, hemming them in on all sides.

To take one example out of a million possibilities, it is now illegal for a dairy company to move raw milk from a collection center it owns to a processing facility it also owns 2 kilometers away without an explicit permit signed and stamped by a slew of government officials.

It is also illegal to fire a worker for basically any reason, including making threats of physical violence against a manager. And, needless to say, it is illegal to set your own prices: The state does that, often setting them below the cost of production, especially for basic goods. Under such circumstances, even "private" firms are in essence state run.

The Venezuelan economy today is a kind of caricature of US Republicans’ worst nightmares. The difference is that for us, it’s not just empty rhetoric: We actually do have a government that’s fanatically hostile to private enterprise and convinced that business poses an existential threat to it.

Fiscal policy is a disaster, too. Venezuela has been running enormous, unmanageable GDP deficits of more than 10 percent for years, even back when oil prices were high. Needless to say, it didn’t bother to save when the takings were good, and so it now finds itself facing a kind of fiscal Armageddon.

The government is so broke it can no longer afford to fly in the planefuls of fast-depreciating bolivar bills (the Venezuelan currency) it gets printed abroad; in effect, the country doesn’t have the money to pay for its money.

Unable to find enough investors foolhardy enough to lend it the shortfall, the government has given in to the temptation to just create money out of thin air to cover the difference, setting off a breathless monetary expansion that could see inflation top 2,200 percent in 2017.

In Venezuela today, more and more cash is chasing after fewer and fewer goods. The result looks very much like the old Soviet bloc economies, where people had plenty of money in their pockets but it didn’t help them because there were no goods on offer. In a strange way, chavismo has realized the old socialist dream of abolishing money: When there’s nothing to buy, money is useless.

Having either the world’s most punitively misconceived microeconomic policies or the world’s most mindlessly self-destructive macroeconomic policies would be bad enough, but having both of them at the same time is just killer.

Instead of trying to fix the economy, the government is blaming everything on a CIA conspiracy

One of the most fascinating twists of the past few years has been the government’s almost catatonic failure to grasp the connection between the policy choices it has made and the crisis raging all around it.

To economists of pretty much every persuasion, from the far right to the far left, the solution to the crisis is pretty straightforward: stabilize the currency, eliminate those wildly destructive price controls, and make sure spending is at least in the same ballpark as tax revenues.

But steeped in the kind of Marxist phraseology that was already out of date a generation ago, the clique around President Maduro seems genuinely convinced that all of the country’s problems are the result of a sprawling CIA conspiracy — "economic warfare," as official propaganda puts it. It’s insane, but within the tightly sealed circle of Marxist true believers around the president, this kind of lunacy never faces any serious pushback.

Venezuela’s long-suffering opposition, which won a landslide victory in last December’s legislative elections only to see virtually all of the National Assembly’s power pulled out from under it by a slavishly pro-government Supreme Tribunal, is trying hard to put an end to this catastrophe without tipping the country into an even worse disaster.

Venezuela’s constitution, which chavismo enacted in 1999 and began ignoring wholesale shortly thereafter, does allow for a recall referendum to cut the president’s term short. The opposition has begun collecting signatures to trigger such a vote, only to face a wall of foot dragging from a government determined to hang on at least through January of 2017: The constitution says that if Maduro is recalled after that, his vice president would finish out his term until 2019, rather setting off a snap election.

The government is therefore determined to stall, even in violation of the rules it unilaterally approved for the recall.

The situation is incredibly volatile and could erupt into serious armed conflict

The government is playing with fire. It’s hard to overstate how volatile the social situation gets when you face critical shortages of food. With people forced to stand in line for four, five, six hours or more for basic staples — and even then sometimes leaving empty-handed — the social situation is combustible.

So far, looting has been only sporadic and localized, and security forces have been able to stamp out disorder before it has spread. But there are more and more of these looting episodes, and Venezuela has traumatic recent memories of what happens when food riots spread into nationwide convulsions of violence and mayhem.

Venezuela’s armed forces are caught in the middle. Though never an especially formidable fighting force, they’re still the best-armed body in the country. Maduro has already militarized much of the country’s security apparatus; the recent state of emergency decree leaves the country within a hair’s breadth of martial law. As the social crisis escalates, the government is relying more and more on the army for help keeping control of the country.

But while the military brass enjoys all the perks of life atop the revolutionary elite, the rank-and-file members are having just as much trouble finding food and medicine as everyone else in the country, turning the military into a kind of wild card, its loyalties too uncertain for anyone to know how they might react when push comes to shove.

In a scenario were looting spins out of control and an order comes down to repress it with deadly violence, nobody in Venezuela can really be confident that the soldiers would do as they’re told. It’s just as likely that the military chain of command would break down — a possibility the brass is keenly aware of.

Many Venezuelans — including many in the government itself — are convinced that the current crisis is leading inexorably to a coup attempt. Stuck between the current catastrophe and a government determined to block any peaceful outcome, someone – most often, in Latin America, a mid-ranking officer — is bound to rise up sooner or later.

If and when that happens, Venezuela will hold its collective breath. Anything could happen, from a straightforward palace coup leading to a relatively orderly transition to, in the worst case, an open rift between more or less evenly matched parts of the military, leading to the kind of conflict you shudder to even picture.

Even in the "best" of cases, though, where the military maintains its cohesion, a coup would be a calamity for Venezuela. For years, the strange, cultlike political movement that is chavismo has invested huge sums to prepare for just such a scenario.

The chavistas have gone to great lengths to ensure that the hardest of their hardcore supporters are well armed and organized into effective irregular fighting forces. In fact, Venezuela may be the only country in the world with a government-funded and -organized urban guerrilla force, set up proactively precisely to destabilize the country should the government that created it lose power.

But that’s Venezuela today: a country past the event horizon. We already have wartime levels of violence, even without a war. What happens if you mix an actual armed conflict on top of this reality doesn’t bear even thinking about for those who still have friends and relatives there.

Francisco Toro is founder and editor of the website Caracas Chronicles.
 

Housecarl

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http://johnbatchelorshow.com/schedules/tuesday-24-may-2016

John Batchelor Show

Hour Two
Tuesday 24 May 2016 / Hour 2, Block A: Stephen F. Cohen, Prof. Emeritus of Russian Studies/History/Politics at NYU and Princeton; also Board of American Committee for East-West Accord (eastwestaccord.com); in re: NATO says sets date for 2016 summit in Warsaw | Reuters

WARSAW The NATO summit in Warsaw scheduled for 2016 will take place on July 8-9, the U.S.-led alliance said on Friday. "This summit comes at a crucial time for the . . . “

Tuesday 24 May 2016 / Hour 2, Block B: Stephen F. Cohen, Prof. Emeritus of Russian Studies/History/Politics at NYU and Princeton; also Board of American Committee for East-West Accord (eastwestaccord.com); in re: West and Russia on course for war, says ex-Nato deputy ... Nato v Russia in 99 seconds. He describes Russia as now the . . . ; West’s most dangerous adversary and says Putin’s course can be stopped only if the West . . .

Tuesday 24 May 2016 / Hour 2, Block C: Stephen F. Cohen, Prof. Emeritus of Russian Studies/History/Politics at NYU and Princeton; also Board of American Committee for East-West Accord (eastwestaccord.com); in re: http://www.unian.info/politics/1353835-poroshenko-holds-telephone-conver...

Tuesday 24 May 2016 / Hour 2, Block D: Stephen F. Cohen, Prof. Emeritus of Russian Studies/History/Politics at NYU and Princeton; also Board of American Committee for East-West Accord (eastwestaccord.com); in re: Gorbachev backs Putin’s invasion of Crimea -... 2 days ago May 21, 2016 · Mikhail Gorbachev, the last Soviet premier, says that he supports Russian President Vladimir Putin’s takeover in Crimea — and . . .

Podcast: https://audioboom.com/boos/4610678-...n-nyu-princeton-university-eastwestaccord-com

Lamentations of Gorbachev. Stephen F. Cohen, NYU. Princeton University. EastWestAccord.com.

05-24-2016

(Photo: Image: Ronald Reagan and Mikhail Gorbachev in 1985 )

http://JohnBatchelorShow.com/contact

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Twitter: @batchelorshow

Lamentations of Gorbachev. Stephen F. Cohen, NYU. Princeton University. EastWestAccord.com.

“…Mikhail Gorbachev, the last Soviet premier, says that he supports Russian President Vladimir Putin’s takeover in Crimea — and that he would have done the same if he’d had the chance.

“The once-powerful leader, now 85 and in poor health, spoke in an interview with the Sunday Times of London.

“I’m always with the free will of the people and most in Crimea wanted to be reunited with Russia,” Gorbachev said.

Putin seized the peninsula from Ukraine in March 2014 following a chaotic pro-Western uprising.

“Gorbachev, who is releasing a memoir, has criticized Putin for retaining power for more than 15 years and for clamping down on protesters.

“We always had normal relations,” he said of his relationship with Putin, who has also served as prime minister. “Now, I wouldn’t describe them as normal. We have no relations.”…

http://nypost.com/2016/05/22/gorbachev-backs-putins-invasion-of-crimea/
 

Housecarl

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http://johnbatchelorshow.com/schedules/wednesday-25-may-2016

John Batchelor Show

Wednesday 25 May 2016 / Hour 1, Block C: Elbridge Colby, Robert M. Gates Senior Fellow at the Center for a New American Security (CNAS), in re: http://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-ambiguity-on-taiwan-is-dangerous-1464022837
Wednesday 25 May 2016 / Hour 1, Block D: Marcus Weisgerber, DefenseOne, in re; http://www.defenseone.com/management/2016/05/carter-expect-mil-mil-coope...

Hour Two

Wednesday 25 May 2016 / Hour 2, Block A: Peter Navarro, professor at the University of California, Irvine, author of Crouching Tiger: What China's Militarism Means for the World, and maker of a documentary of the same name, in re: http://fortune.com/2016/05/20/ge-immelt-globalization/

Wednesday 25 May 2016 / Hour 2, Block B: Rick Fisher, senior Fellow at the International Assessment and Strategy Center, in re: his Jane's article on the "Underwater Great Wall.” . . . The Underwater Great Wall — militarizing the entire South China Sea. China stole US designs for F22s, ergo have air dominance above theater (US can no longer control airspace over Taiwan) and the “stationary aircraft carriers”—the bogus islands China has been building for several years and now has heavily militarized, alarming the daylights out of Philippines and Vietnam, inter al.; and the quietest subs in the world, ordered en bloc by China, are German-made. Artillery grid: can find a sub and attack it with a missile or a missile-borne depth charge; a structure copying the US idea of the 1960s.
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
China proposes 'Underwater Great Wall' that could erode US, Russian submarine advantages

The China State Shipbuilding Corporation (CSSC) has proposed the construction of a network of ship and subsurface sensors that could significantly erode the undersea warfare advantage held by US and Russian submarines and contribute greatly to future Chinese ability to control the South China Sea (SCS).

At the 2016 Defence Services Asia exhibition in Kuala Lumpur, the China Electronic Technology Group Corporation offered a 'Reef Defense' system that may use many elements of the China State Shipbuilding Corporation's proposed 'Underwater Great Wall Project'. (Richard D Fisher via CETC)

Details of the network of sensors, called the 'Underwater Great Wall Project', were revealed in a CSSC booth at a public exhibition in China in late 2015. A translated copy of the descriptions was obtained by IHS Jane's from a government official. The text was confirmed by a source from a second government on condition of anonymity.

While some elements of this network have been known for some time, CSSC is now in effect proposing an improved Chinese version of the Sound Surveillance System (SOSUS) that for a time gave the US a significant advantage in countering Soviet submarines during the Cold War. The system proposed by CSSC is likely being obtained by China's People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) but may also be offered for export.

CSSC says that, among other things, its objective is to provide customers with "a package solution in terms of underwater environment monitoring and collection, real-time location, tracing of surface and underwater targets, warning of seaquakes, tsunamis, and other disasters as well as marine scientific research".

The corporation says in the document that its "R&D and production bases in Beijing and Wuxi [have] the ability to support the whole industry chain covering fundamental research, key technology development, solution design, overall system integration, core equipment development, production, and operation service support".

The shipbuilding conglomerate says it has 10 series of products on offer that include systems relating to marine observation, oceanographic instrumentation, underwater robotics, and ship support.

Specific components of CSSC's surveillance system include surface ships, sonar systems, underwater security equipment, marine oil and gas exploration equipment, underwater unmanned equipment, and marine instrument electronic equipment.
CSSC also lists "networking links" that include surface ships [military or civilian], data processing centres, sonar arrays, sensor platforms, underwater cables, and anti-frogman systems.

Back in 2008 The Washington Times had cited 'defence officials' reporting that Chinese moored sonar arrays had been detected underwater in the Bohai Sea off the northern Chinese coast, north of the Yellow Sea: a major Chinese navy operating area. In 2013 a Chinese report noted that an "underwater scientific observation network" would be given high priority during the 2011-2015 five-year plan.

If and when completed, CSSC's 'Underwater Great Wall' concept will likely include shallow and deepwater moored sonar sensors linked by undersea cables along China's Pacific coast as well as between its reclaimed island bases and Hainan Island in the South China Sea.

It is likely that the 'Underwater Great Wall' would also receive data from towed array sonars, unmanned undersea vessels, anti-submarine aircraft, plus ship and shore-based electronic intelligence systems, and satellites. Data processing by onshore supercomputers would greatly assist the location of undersea targets.
At the recent 18-21 April Defence Services Asia exhibition in Kuala Lumpur, the China Electronic Technology Group Corporation (CETC) marketed some systems that could be used in CSSC's 'Underwater Great Wall Project' as part of CETC's 'Reef Defense' proposal.

These included anti-frogman sonar and interception systems as well as short-range air defences that could be used to defend ports or China's newly reclaimed island bases in the South China Sea. A CETC official told IHS Jane's that the 'Reef Defense' system had been purchased by the Chinese government.

COMMENT The key advance that CSSC could bring to its 'Underwater Great Wall Project' is the incorporation of modern supercomputers that could offer processing and potential location capabilities far superior to the US SOSUS system of the Cold War era. If successful, a Chinese 'Underwater Great Wall' could significantly shift the naval balance of power against the US and Russia and undermine the 'extended deterrent' element that Washington offers its Asian allies and friends. If built near Taiwan, such a network of ship sonar and stationary underwater sensors could help the PLAN to deny access to US submarines if China decided to coerce or attack the island.

Hour Four

Wednesday 25 May 2016 / Hour 4, Block A: Aaron Klein, Breitbart Middle East Bureau Chief; in re: http://www.breitbart.com/jerusalem/...fted-talking-points-smearing-critics-pro-war/ (1 of 2)

Wednesday 25 May 2016 / Hour 4, Block B: Aaron Klein, Breitbart Middle East Bureau Chief; in re: http://www.breitbart.com/jerusalem/...fted-talking-points-smearing-critics-pro-war/ (2 of 2)

For Podcast please see site....HC
 

Housecarl

On TB every waking moment
For links see article source.....
Posted for fair use.....
http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-...ance-as-labor-groups-face-off-with-government

International

Protests Escalate In France As Labor Groups Face Off With Government

May 26, 2016·9:46 AM ET
Camila Domonoske

A third of France's gas stations have no fuel to offer drivers. The nation's electricity supply has dropped — though not enough to cause worry, officials say.

Smoke bombs are being tossed on the streets of Le Havre.

But you might have trouble reading about the upheaval over coffee and croissants. There were no newspapers in Paris today, NPR's Eleanor Beardsley reports.

It's all part of the ongoing dispute between labor groups and the French government over President Francois Hollande's plan to overhaul the country's labor policies.

One of the country's largest unions, the General Confederation of Labor (or CGT), is fiercely opposed to the proposed changes.

At the port city of Le Havre, The Associated Press reports, thousands of dock workers headed to City Hall instead of their work sites. They threw colorful smoke bombs around the square and into fountains.

Union members have been striking at oil refineries and blockading oil imports for days now, leading to the gasoline shortages.

On Thursday, employees at more than a dozen nuclear power plants walked off the job — hence the drop in power supply. Authorities promise there won't be blackouts across the country, saying they will import electricity if needed, the AP says.

And the unions blocked the printing and delivery of newspapers Thursday morning.

Railroad workers have also been on strike, though Eleanor reports train travel in France hasn't been interrupted this week.

This is the eighth organized day of action, in protests that have now stretched on for months.

NPR's Chris Arnold described the underlying tension for the Two-Way last week:

"Here's the big issue — French leaders say they have to make their country's economy more flexible, competitive and productive. To do that, they say they need to end some long-standing worker protections. Legislation that's moving forward would make it easier for employers to hire and fire workers. Truck drivers would also see their overtime pay cut. ...

"The work-rule overhaul bill has cleared the lower house of Parliament and will likely be cleared by the Senate in June."

Now there are hints that the government might back down, at least a little.

"After saying the government would never back down, Prime Minister Manuel Valls hinted in a radio interview that it could amend certain contested articles in the labor bill," Eleanor told our Newscast unit Thursday.

But Valls said a central and controversial element of the reforms is nonnegotiable, Bloomberg reports. That's a provision that would shift union negotiations from the national level to the company level, allowing individual businesses more control over their union contracts.

The labor movement isn't unanimously opposed to the reforms. Some unions actually negotiated with the government over the proposal and feel they were successful, the AP reports.

But, Eleanor reported Wednesday, the hard-liners at the CGT believe the proposals, including a shift to make it easier to fire workers, "will make their lives more precarious and erode years of labor progress."

Last week, she noted that most of the country — 60 percent, according to polls — sides with the CGT on the issue of labor reform.

"Every time the president wants to overhaul labor codes or, you know, increase the retirement age, people just pour out into the streets," Eleanor said.

And the inconvenience of the strikes?

"They're kind of used to this, I have to say," Eleanor said. "So they find ways to get around it."
 

Housecarl

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Posted for fair use.....
http://www.euronews.com/2016/05/26/...to-labour-laws-as-strikes-and-protests-go-on/

France PM Valls hints at tweaks to labour laws as strikes and protests go on

26/05 18:13 CET | updated at 26/05 - 10:39

France has been hit by another day of strikes and protests against controversial labour reforms.

Public transport, oil refineries and fuel supplies, nuclear power stations… all continued to be disrupted on Thursday.

The state rail company SNCF said fewer trains were affected than during a similar strike last week.

Estimates for the number of protesters on the streets mirrored the gap between the government and its opponents: 19,000 in Paris said the authorities; 100,000 was the unions’ figure.

Prime Minister Manuel Valls has insisted the government will not withdrawn the law and will break up the blockades. He has hinted there could be some tweaks to the reforms but not on any of its key measures.

“We have a prime minister who remains self-assured, saying the famous article causing most problems can be changed a little, but without withdrawing his approach. So the answer on our side is no. As long as the Prime Minister remains so self-righteous, the conflict will last,” said Jean-Claude Mailly, leader of the Force Ouvrière union, speaking from the cortege in Paris.

“More than 70 percent of people are in favour of the bill being withdrawn, that shows – contrary to what I hear from official sources – that we’re neither a minority nor a sect nor whatever,” added Philippe Martinez, Secretary General of the CGT union.

The government hopes that giving companies more flexibility over rigid employment regulations – in areas such as overtime pay, leave and the 35-hour week – will encourage firms to recruit, reducing high unemployment.

It has been described as President Hollande’s last throw of the dice before next year’s elections.

Opponents doubt the changes will bring the required employment boost and fear more job insecurity. Six unions back the CGT, the main union organising the protests.

Several more arrests were reported as again clashes broke out in Paris and other cities.
 

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http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-05-27/france-protests-after-fresh-wave-of-labour-strikes/7450446

France protests: Clashes breakout amid fresh wave of labour strikes, unions warn of rolling disruption

Posted 39 minutes ago

Masked youths have clashed with police in Paris while striking workers blockaded refineries and nuclear power stations in an escalating wave of industrial action against French labour law reforms.

Key points:
•Unions are furious at legislation aimed to reform France's rigid labour laws
•French PM says the law will not be withdrawn
•France has been forced to tap into reserves to prevent energy, fuel shortages

Seventy-seven people were arrested across France, while the Interior Ministry said more than 150,000 people protested nationwide.

Police reportedly fired tear gas at around 100 protesters in Paris who broke away from a march of around 20,000 people through the capital to smash windows of shops and parked cars, witnesses said, in the latest outburst of anger at the controversial legislation.

French police apprehend a man during a demonstration.
Photo: French police apprehend a man during a demonstration. (Reuters: Stephane Mahe)


With just two weeks to go before France hosts the Euro 2016 football championship, union activists blocked roads and bridges, and train drivers and air traffic controllers staged walkouts.

In the south-western city of Bordeaux, about 100 people targeted a police station, throwing objects and damaging a police car.

At the Tricastin nuclear plant in southern France, workers set fire to piles of tyres, sending out clouds of black smoke.

Although some blockades on fuel depots and refineries in the north of the country were called off, many motorists were still stuck in long queues at petrol stations around France.

Unions have also called for rolling strikes on the Paris Metro to start on the day of the opening match of the Euro 2016 on June 10.

Unions are furious about the legislation forced through parliament by the deeply unpopular Socialist government which aims to reform France's famously rigid labour laws by making it easier for companies to hire and fire workers.

'I blame the government'

Under intense pressure, Prime Minister Manuel Valls insisted the law would not be withdrawn, but said it might still be possible to make "changes" or "improvements".

But there were signs some in the ruling Socialist Party were buckling, with Finance Minister Michel Sapin suggesting the most contested part of the legislation should be rewritten.

Mr Valls slapped Mr Sapin down and ruled out revamping the clause, which gives individual companies more of a free hand in setting working conditions.

"You cannot blockade a country, you cannot attack the economic interests of France in this way," a defiant Mr Valls told parliament, after earlier branding the hardline CGT union that is driving the protests as "irresponsible".

The mounting problems for the government come 12 months ahead of an election in which President Francois Hollande is considering standing again, but he is languishing in opinion polls.

The CGT said all but three of France's 19 nuclear power stations — which provide three-quarters of its electricity — have voted to stop work.

RTE, the body overseeing the national power network, said the stoppages were not having an immediate effect on the electricity supply, but "if it worsens, it will have an impact on the management of the network".

A third of petrol stations were dry or dangerously low on fuel after several days of blockades at refineries by union activists.

Pierre Jata, a 40-year-old cable TV technician was rushing to fill up at a petrol station on the edge of the capital, minutes before supplies ran out.

He laid the blame for the disruption on the government.

"I'm with the unions. I'm with them but I'm still annoyed," he said.

The government has been forced to tap into its strategic reserves and Mr Hollande has vowed to do "everything ... to ensure the French people and the economy is supplied".

AFP/Reuters
 

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Some American Thoughts on Russia’s “New Generation War.”
Started by Dozdoats‎, Today 11:06 AM
http://www.timebomb2000.com/vb/show...an-Thoughts-on-Russia’s-“New-Generation-War.”

-----

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http://www.breitbart.com/national-s...send-nuclear-armed-submarine-south-china-sea/

Report: China to Send Nuclear-Armed Submarine into Pacific

by Frances Martel
26 May 2016

After months of expanding its military capabilities in the South China Sea, the Chinese military is preparing to deploy nuclear-armed submarines to the Pacific Ocean, according to a report published Thursday in The Guardian.

Reporter Julian Border cites Chinese military officials as saying that Beijing has made the decision to send nuclear missile-laden submarines into the Pacific. It would be the first such deployment of nuclear weapons. Border notes that his sources did not specify a timeframe in which the submarines would take to the seas.

The objective of such a deployment, he suggests, is to allow the Chinese military to execute a nuclear strike much more quickly. “Warheads and missiles would be put together and handed over to the navy, allowing a nuclear weapon to be launched much faster if such a decision was taken,” Borger writes.

The news follows months of increased tensions between the United States and China over a variety of Asian security issues. Borger cites his sources as claiming that paramount among these is the plan to bring a Terminal High-Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) missile system to South Korea. Seoul and Washington agreed on placing the American technology in South Korea following North Korea’s firing what it alleged was a hydrogen bomb in January, though most experts believe the blast was only big enough to come from a hybrid fusion-fission nuclear weapon. China has adamantly opposed the installation of such a system, arguing that its range is too wide for them to believe it is only targeting Pyongyang, and can hit a number of high-value Chinese targets if the United States sees a need to do so.

The struggle to curb North Korea’s nuclear ambitions is second to tensions between China and the United States regarding territorial claims in the South China Sea, however. China imposed new borders that grant it sovereignty over territories owned by the Philippines, Vietnam, Taiwan, Malaysia, and Brunei in 2012. Beijing has funded the construction of numerous artificial islands – and aircraft landing strips to allow for the landing of fighter jets – as well as building a weapons arsenal on the Spratly and Paracel Islands.

The Chinese government has repeatedly justified its militarization of the region by claiming the United States has forced it into defensive construction. “China’s construction in the South China Sea came later than other countries’ illegal activities in the region,” Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Hua Chunying said at her regular briefing Wednesday.

America has called on China to stop building military facilities on Philippine and Vietnamese territory in the Spratly and Paracel Islands, and the Philippines has filed suit at the Permanent Court of Arbitration at The Hague. Chinese officials have asserted they will disregard any decision by The Hague, regardless of outcome.

The Chinese government has reacted to America’s support for its allies’ territorial claims in the region by accusing the United States of exacerbating tensions and demanding America remove its military hardware from the region. Most recently, Chinese fighter jets intercepted a routine U.S. patrol in the South China Sea, threatening the security of American soldiers. The Pentagon has protested, calling the interception “unsafe” and demanding the Chinese military proceed with caution in the region. Secretary of State John Kerry, currently in Vietnam, issued a statement condemning the Chinese move: “I would caution China to not unilaterally move to engage in reclamation activities and militarization of islands.”

The Chinese Defense Ministry responded by accusing the United States of fueling tensions in the region, calling America’s presence there “the real source of danger for Sino-U.S. military safety at sea and in the air.” The routine aircraft missions by the U.S. Air Force and Navy, the Ministry alleged, “seriously endanger Chinese maritime security.”

In Vietnam Monday, President Barack Obama reiterated the Department of Defense’s line on activity in the South China Sea: “The United States will continue to fly, sail, and operate wherever international law allows, and we will support the right of all countries to do the same.” He also announced an end to the arms embargo against Vietnam, a move that Chinese media have interpreted as a threat to China’s expanded presence in the South China Sea.

“Obama claimed that this move is not aimed at China, yet this is only a very poor lie which reveals the truth — exacerbating the strategic antagonism between Washington and Beijing,” China’s Global Times alleged in a column Tuesday. The end to the arms embargo, a China Daily column argued, was meant to “compromise China’s national interests and threaten regional security.”

The Chinese government proper has reacted less sternly towards the move, calling the arms embargo a “relic of the Cold War” but demanding the United States end all its arms embargoes against all countries, including China. “American public figures on many occasions have said that implementing arms embargoes are a manifestation of Cold War thinking,” Chinese Defense Ministry spokesman Yang Yujun said in a press conference. “We think that the United States ought to abandon its Cold War thinking and put an end to such acts that do not accord with the times.”
 

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http://www.chinatopix.com/articles/...pply-pakistan-poses-security-threat-india.htm

China’s Nuclear Weapon Supply to Pakistan Poses Security Threat to US and India: Senior US Congress Members Warns Obama

By Girish Shetti | May 26, 2016 10:05 AM EDT

Two senior members of the U.S. Congress have warned the Obama administration that China's supply of super sensitive nuclear weapons systems to Pakistan poses a serious security threat to the United States and Islamabad's arch rival India.

U.S. Congress members Mike Rogers (Chairman of Sub-committee on Strategic Forces) and Ted Poe (Chairman of the Sub-Committee on Terrorism, Non-proliferation, and Trade) said that they are specifically concerned about China's supply of Transporter Erector Launcher (TEL) systems to Pakistan.

Both Congress members cautioned that the TEL systems could offer instant mobility to Pakistan's several medium range nuclear ballistic missiles including the Shaheen III. This will raise Pakistan's ability to strike anywhere in South Asia including India.

The two senior U.S. lawmakers have asked the Obama administration to explain what concrete steps it will take to stop China from providing such lethal weapons to Pakistan. Rogers and Poe urged Obama Administration to seriously investigate the matter and impose tough sanctions on China if Beijing is found guilty of supplying the lethal weapon to Pakistan.

The matter is already being seriously pursued by the U.S. Congress, according to sources familiar with the matter.

For almost three decades, Pakistan has been one of the largest customers of China's weapons. China has provided Pakistan with several modern military weapons such as aircrafts, missile launchers, rockets and many other items. In 2013, China announced that it would help Islamabad construct the country's first nuclear power plants in Karachi.

India and the U.S. have been highly suspicious and critical of China's nuclear cooperation with Pakistan. Both countries have expressed concerns about the safety of Pakistan's nuclear arsenal. It is feared that Islamic terrorists operating near the Pakistan-Afghanistan border may get their hands on Pakistan's nuclear weapons.
 

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http://nationalinterest.org/blog/the-buzz/the-us-armys-big-guns-go-the-south-china-sea-16292

The Buzz

The U.S. Army’s Big Guns go to the South China Sea

Kris Osborn
May 21, 2016
Comments 207

Senior Army and Pentagon strategists and planners are considering ways to fire existing weapons platforms in new ways around the globe – including the possible placement of mobile artillery units in areas of the South China Sea to, if necessary, function as air-defense weapons to knock incoming rockets and cruise missiles out of the sky.

Alongside the South China Sea, more mobile artillery weapons used for air defense could also prove useful in areas such as the Middle East and Eastern Europe, officials said. Having mobile counter-air weapons such as the M109 Paladin, able to fire 155m precision rounds on-the-move, could prove to be an effective air-defense deterrent against Russian missiles, aircraft and rockets in Eastern Europe, a senior Army official told Scout Warrior.

Regarding the South China Sea, the U.S. has a nuanced or complicated relationship with China involving both rivalry and cooperation; the recent Chinese move to put surface-to-air missiles on claimed territory in the South China Sea has escalated tensions and led Pentagon planners to consider various options.

Officials are clear to emphasize that no decisions have been made along these lines, yet it is one of the things being considered. Pentagon officials have opposed further militarization of the area and emphasized that the territorial disputes in the South China Sea need to be resolved peacefully and diplomatically.

(This first appeared in Scout Warrior here.)

At the same time, Pentagon officials have publicly stated the U.S. will continue “freedom of navigation” exercises wherein Navy ships sail within 12 miles of territory claimed by the Chinese - and tensions are clearly on the rise. In addition to these activities, it is entirely possible the U.S. could also find ways to deploy more offensive and defensive weapons to the region.

Naturally, a move of this kind would need to involve close coordination with U.S. allies in the region, as the U.S. claims no territory in the South China Sea. However, this would involve the deployment of a weapons system which has historically been used for offensive attacks on land. The effort could use an M777 Howitzer or Paladin, weapons able to fire 155m rounds.

“We could use existing Howitzers and that type of munition (155m shells) to knock out incoming threats when people try to hit us from the air at long ranges using rockets and cruise missiles,” a senior Army official said.

Howitzers or Paladins could be used as a mobile, direct countermeasures to incoming rockets, he said. A key advantage to using a Paladin is that it is a mobile platform which could adjust to moving or fast-changing approaching enemy fire.

“A Howitzer can go where it has to go. It is a way of changing an offensive weapon and using it in dual capacity,” the official explained. “This opens the door to opportunities and options we have not had before with mobile defensive platforms and offensive capabilities."

Mobile air defenses such as an Army M777 or Paladin Howitzer weapon could use precision rounds and advancing fire-control technology to destroy threatening air assets such as enemy aircraft, drones or incoming artillery fire.

They would bring a mobile tactical advantage to existing Army air defenses such as the Patriot and Theater High Altitude Area Defense, or THAAD, which primarily function as fixed-defense locations, the senior Army official said.

The M777 artillery weapon, often used over the years in Iraq and Afghanistan, can fire the precision GPS-guided Excalibur artillery round able to destroy targets within one meter from up to 30-kilometers or more away. Naturally, given this technology, it could potentially be applied as an air-defense weapon as well.

Using a Howitzer or Paladin could also decrease expenses, officials said.

“Can a munition itself be cheaper so we are not making million dollar missiles to shoot down $100,000 dollar incoming weapons,” the Army official said.

While Pentagon officials did not formally confirm the prospect of working with allies to place weapons, such as Howitzers, in the South China Sea, they did say the U.S. was stepping up its coordination with allies in the region.

"We continue work with our partners and allies to develop their maritime security capabilities,” Cmdr. Bill Urban, Pentagon spokesman, told Scout Warrior.

Strategic Capabilities Office

The potential use of existing weapons in new ways is entirely consistent with an existing Pentagon office which was, for the first time, recently announced publically. It is called the Strategic Capabilities Office, or SCO, stood up to look at integrating innovating technologies with existing weapons platforms – or simply adapting or modifying existing weapons for a wider range of applications.

“I created the SCO in 2012 when I was deputy secretary of defense to help us to re-imagine existing DOD and intelligence community and commercial systems by giving them new roles and game-changing capabilities to confound potential enemies -- the emphasis here was on rapidity of fielding, not 10 and 15-year programs. Getting stuff in the field quickly,” Carter said.

Senior Army officials say the SCO office is a key part of what provides the conceptual framework for the ongoing considerations of placing new weaponry in different locations throughout the Pacific theater. An Army consideration to place Paladin artillery weapons in the South China Sea would be one example of how to execute this strategic framework.

In fact, the Pentagon is vigorously stepping up its support to allies in the Pacific theater. A 2016 defense law, called the Southeast Asia Maritme Security Initiative, provides new funding to authorize a Department of Defense effort to train, equip, and provide other support to the Philippines, Vietnam, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand, Urban explained.

"The Secretary (Secretary of Defense Ashton Carter) has committed $425M over Fiscal Years 2016-2020 for MSI (Maritime Security Initiative), with an initial investment of $50M available in fiscal year 2016 toward this effort," Urban said.

Army Rebalance to the Pacific

While the Army is naturally immersed in activities with NATO to deter Russian movements in Eastern Europe and maintaining missions in Iraq and Afghanistan – the service has not forsaken its commitment to pursuing a substantial Army component to the Pentagon’s Pacific rebalance.

Among other things, this involves stepped up military-to-military activities with allies in the region, coordinating with other leaders and land armies, and efforts to move or re-posture some weapons in the area.“The re-balance to the Pacific is more than military, it is an economic question. the Army has its hands full with the Middle East and with Europe and is dealing with a resurgent problem in Europe and North Africa,” an Army official said. “We have been able to cycle multiple units through different countries,” the senior official said.

Also, the Pentagon has made the Commander of Army Pacific a 4-star General, a move which enables him to have direct one-to-one correspondence with his Chinese counterpart and other leaders in the region, he added.

As of several years ago, the Army had 18,500 Soldier stationed in Korea, 2,400 in Japan, 2,000 in Guam, 480 in the Philippines, 22,300 in Hawaii and 13,500 in Alaska. The service continues to support the national defense strategy by strengthening partnerships with existing allies in the region and conduction numerous joint exercises, service officials said.

“The ground element of the Pacific rebalance is important to ensure the stability in the region," senior officials have said. Many of the world's largest ground armies are based in the Pacific.

Also, in recent years Army documents have emphasized the need for the service to increase fire power in the Pacific to increased fielding of THAAD, Patriot and the Army Tactical Missile System, or ATACMS in the Pacific region. ATACMS is a technology which delivers precision fires against stationary or slow-moving targets at ranges up to 300 km., Army officials have said. In 2013, the Army did deploy THAAD missile systems to Guam.

Army officials have also called for the development of a land-based anti-ship ballistic missile, directed energy capability, and additional land-based anti-ship fires capabilities such as the Guided Multiple Launch Rocket System.

Army officials have also said man support a potential adaptation of the RGM-84 Harpoon and calls for the development of boost-glide entry warheads able to deploy “to hold adversary shipping at risk all without ever striking targets inland.

Boost-glide weapons use rocket-boosted payload delivery vehicles that glide at hypersonic speeds in the atmosphere. An increase in the Army’s investment in boost-glide technology now could fast track the Army’s impact in the Air-Sea Battle fight in the near term, Army papers have stated.


Kris Osborn became the Managing Editor of Scout Warrior in August of 2015. His role with Scout.com includes managing content on the Scout Warrior site and generating independently sourced original material. Scout Warrior is aimed at providing engaging, substantial military-specific content covering a range of key areas such as weapons, emerging or next-generation technologies and issues of relevance to the military. Just prior to coming to Scout Warrior, Osborn served as an Associate Editor at the Military.com.

This story originally appeared in Scout Warrior.
 

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http://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/27/w...kill-rate-raises-human-rights-fears.html?_r=1

Americas

Body Count Points to a Mexican Military Out of Control

By AZAM AHMED and ERIC SCHMITT
MAY 26, 2016

MEXICO CITY — In the history of modern war, fighters are much more likely to injure their enemies than kill them.

But in Mexico, the opposite is true.

According to the government’s own figures, Mexico’s armed forces are exceptionally efficient killers — stacking up bodies at extraordinary rates.

The Mexican authorities say the nation’s soldiers are simply better trained and more skilled than the cartels they battle.

But experts who study the issue say Mexico’s kill rate is practically unheard-of, arguing that the numbers reveal something more ominous.

“They are summary executions,” said Paul Chevigny, a retired New York University professor who pioneered the study of lethality among armed forces.

In many forms of combat between armed groups, about four people are injured for each person killed, according to an assessment of wars since the late 1970s by the International Committee of the Red Cross. Sometimes, the number of wounded is even higher.

But the body count in Mexico is reversed. The Mexican Army kills eight enemies for every one it wounds.

For the nation’s elite marine forces, the discrepancy is even more pronounced: The data they provide says they kill roughly 30 combatants for each one they injure.

The statistics, which the government stopped reporting in early 2014, offer a rare, unguarded glimpse into the role the Mexican military has assumed in the war against organized crime. In the last decade, as the nation’s soldiers and marines have been forced onto the front lines, human rights abuses surged.

And yet the military remains largely untouched, protected by a government loath to crack down on the only force able to take on the fight. Little has been done to investigate the thousands of accusations of torture, forced disappearances and extrajudicial killings that have mounted since former President Felipe Calderón began his nation’s drug war a decade ago.

Of the 4,000 complaints of torture that the attorney general’s office has reviewed since 2006, only 15 have resulted in convictions.

“Not only is torture generalized in Mexico, but it is also surrounded by impunity,” said Juan E. Méndez, the United Nations special rapporteur on torture. “If the government knows it is frequent and you still don’t get any prosecutions, and the ones you do prosecute usually wind up going nowhere, the blame lies with the state.”

The Mexican armed forces did not respond to interview requests. But Gen. Salvador Cienfuegos Zepeda, the defense secretary, has publicly defended the military, saying it is the only institution confronting organized crime — and winning.

“We are in the streets because society is demanding us to be there,” General Cienfuegos told the Mexican newspaper Milenio this month.

About 3,000 people were killed by the military between 2007 and 2012, while 158 soldiers died. Some critics call the killings a form of pragmatism: In Mexico, where fewer than 2 percent of murder cases are successfully prosecuted, the armed forces kill their enemies because they cannot rely on the shaky legal system.

Waves of pressure have crashed over the government. In March, the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights condemned Mexico’s human rights record, including extrajudicial executions, building on an earlier United Nations report that described torture as widespread.

In recent weeks, a videotape of a soldier beating a woman while a police officer squeezed a plastic bag over her head went viral, forcing a rare public apology.

Even with the missing 43 college students, the role of the military, and the protection it enjoys, have become polarizing issues.

Several soldiers were present the night of the disappearances, according to international experts asked to help determine the students’ fate. But the military did not grant interviews to the experts, and the government did not require it.

The government says it takes human rights seriously, passing legislation to counter abuse, protect victims and allow soldiers to be tried in civilian courts. It says it has a new human rights program within the military and notes that under the current president, complaints against the military have dropped sharply.

“Every report of a human rights violations is worrisome,” the government said. “But also these isolated cases do not reflect the general state of human rights in the country.”

But while complaints of torture against the armed forces have fallen since 2011 — coinciding with an overall reduction in the number of troops deployed across Mexico — the lethality of their encounters did not decline, according to the data released through early 2014.

The unique relationship between the military and the government dates back more than 70 years, to the period after the country emerged from civil war. To maintain stability, historians say, the governing Institutional Revolutionary Party reached a pact with the armed forces: In exchange for near total autonomy, the military would not interfere in politics.

Unlike many Latin American nations, Mexico has never suffered a coup. And though the government long starved its armed forces of funding, they were protected from scrutiny.

That protection became vital after 2006, when the military entered the streets to battle the cartels and violence soared. As complaints of abuses emerged in record numbers, the government did little to take the military to task.

Then the military stopped publishing its statistics on killings two years ago. Without such data, experts say, it is hard to know how violent the war against organized crime has become.

Some episodes surface in court, like a confrontation in Tlatlaya, just outside Mexico City, where the army killed 22 people in June 2014. The army boasted that during the confrontation, only one soldier was injured.

The case quickly became a scandal when Mexico’s human rights commission determined that as many as 15 of the people were executed, and that soldiers had altered the scene to make it appear as if there had been a battle.

Even so, the final three soldiers charged were acquitted last week, joining four others previously acquitted. The only soldier convicted in the case, for the crime of disobedience, has already served his sentence.

The impunity comes despite growing ties with the United States military through exercises, training and military hardware sales meant to improve the professionalism and, by extension, the human rights record of Mexico’s armed forces.

Two years ago, the United States agreed to sell Black Hawk helicopters to Mexico in a pact that Army officials said could total more than $1 billion over 25 years and bring the Mexican Army closer to American military standards.

“We didn’t sell them just helicopters,” said Todd M. Rosenblum, the Pentagon’s former top official on Mexico policy. “We sold them 15 years of working intimately together that we would not otherwise have.”

The closer ties have done little to assuage critics in Congress.

“All the training in the world won’t work if you don’t have people at the top who believe in the importance of transparency and accountability,” said Senator Patrick J. Leahy, Democrat of Vermont. He wrote a law barring the United States from providing training or equipment to foreign troops who commit “gross human rights violations” like murder or torture.

Some abuse cases have made their way to international bodies, causing concern for the Mexican government.

Three people in Chihuahua State were whisked away on Dec. 29, 2009, and never heard from again. After seeking recourse from the state, federal and military authorities, the families took their case to the Inter-American Commission in 2011.

Five years later, the commission has delivered its confidential findings, according to two people familiar with the case. If the commission finds the military responsible for the disappearances, as expected, the ruling could become binding.

Another case has been brought to the International Criminal Court. A nonprofit group in Baja California collected more than 90 examples of what it calls torture by the Mexican military from 2006 to 2013. The international court has not responded to the petition.

The case includes Ramiro López, who was arrested with three others and tortured by the military in June 2009. The men were nearly suffocated with plastic bags and had their genitals shocked with electric current before being presented as confessed kidnappers. They were convicted.

But in 2015, after a rare examination by the United Nations, the men were found not guilty. The government acquitted them, but declined to pursue those responsible for the forced confessions.

“They should not try to justify their work by obtaining confessions under torture,” said Mayra López, the sister of Ramiro López. “But it does not appear as if this will change anytime soon.”


Correction: May 26, 2016

An earlier version of a photo caption with this article gave the wrong year for a shootout in Yurécuaro between Mexican soldiers and members of a drug gang. The shootout was in 2011, not 2001.


Azam Ahmed reported from Mexico City, and Eric Schmitt from Washington. Paulina Villegas contributed reporting from Mexico City.

Related Coverage:

Missing Mexican Students Suffered a Night of ‘Terror,’ Investigators Say
APRIL 24, 2016

Rights Groups Contend Mexican Military Has Heavy Hand in Drug Cases
AUG. 2, 2011
 

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http://www.nationaldefensemagazine....rnCommandSeeksTechtoMonitorCrimeNetworks.aspx

U.S. Southern Command Seeks Tech to Monitor Crime Networks

June 2016
By Yasmin Tadjdeh

U.S. Southern Command — with an area of responsibility that covers the Caribbean, Central and South America — is searching for new surveillance technologies to help U.S. allies and partner nations.

While the United States is not involved in any wars in Southcom’s area of operations, that doesn’t mean that it should be disregarded, said Adm. Kurt W. Tidd, commander of U.S. Southern Command.

“Because no nation in the region poses a direct, conventional military threat to the United States, Latin America tends to rank fairly low on force allocation priorities. This is understandable — but often requires what is, in my view, an unfortunate trade-off. Our attention to other parts of the world should not come at the expense of the significant gains made in our own hemisphere,” he said.

Tidd, speaking during a hearing before the Senate Armed Services Committee in March, noted that over the past two decades the United States has played an integral role in supporting democratic governances and economic development in the region.

“As criminal networks threaten the integrity of institutions and jeopardize citizen security, we must help countries build on the considerable progress achieved to date and continue working towards our shared priorities,” he said. “Positive and persistent U.S. engagement remains essential to advancing a Western Hemisphere that is prosperous, stable and secure.”

Currently, Southcom is under resourced, Tidd told legislators. When asked by Sen. Bill Nelson, D-Fla., if the command has adequate funds to efficiently go after drug and human trafficking networks, Tidd said: “The simple fact of the matter is we do not. I do not have the ships, I do not have the aircraft to be able to execute the detection and monitoring mission to the level that has been established for us to achieve.”

Southcom officials are unable to maintain a persistent view of activities going on within their area of responsibility, he said.

“The established requirement in order to interdict at the established target level of 40 percent is up to 21 surface platforms,” he said.

On any given day, the command has between five and six surface ships patrolling, he said.
These are largely made up of Coast Guard cutters but also include one to two Navy vessels, he said.

Currently, only 11 percent of the command’s intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance requirements are being met, he said.

To equip Southcom with more ships would come at the expense of other higher-priority theaters, he said.

Additionally, the command is still suffering from the effects of sequestration because of delayed maintenance on ships and aircraft, Tidd noted.

“Those ships are not available now … to operate in our theater. Any future sequestration would be catastrophic,” he said.

To beef up patrols and collect ISR, officials are leveraging the assets of partner nations, he said.

“Their intercept capability and interdiction capability has made a significant improvement,” he said. “As it stands right now, about half of the interdictions that occur, occur with the help of partner nations.”

Southcom officials not only face challenges from transnational organized crime networks, but also from nations such as Russia and terror groups like the Islamic State, Tidd said.

“Whether Sunni or Shia extremists would wittingly collaborate with criminal groups to accomplish their goals is up for debate. Many people are quick to dismiss the possibility of these groups working together in this part of the world. They believe the absence of evidence of a relationship is evidence of its absence,” he said. “We at U.S. Southern Command can’t be that certain.”

Both criminal organizations and terror groups operate in the world of weapons trafficking, illicit finance and fraud, he said. But “Southern Command lacks … the intelligence necessary to identify, monitor and fully illuminate and understand these networks and the resources necessary to significantly disrupt, degrade and ideally dismantle them.”

The command is also concerned about foreign fighters — people who leave their native country to join the Islamic State, Tidd said.

“Since 2013, we have seen a small number of individuals and their families leaving the region to join ISIL in Syria or Iraq. The appeal of violent extremist ideology to some Caribbean citizens and their subsequent travel to Iraq and Syria remains a concern; not just for us, but for our friends and partners across the region,” he said. “As in other parts of the world, the potential return of violent extremists is a threat. These individuals could be well positioned to spread ISIL’s poisonous ideology and potentially inspire or execute acts of terror against U.S. or partner nation interests.”

Partner nations in the region are often unable to efficiently monitor these foreign fighters and lack robust counterterrorism resources, he said.

Russia is also a cause for concern. The country has maintained a presence in Latin America and has collected information about the United States and its regional partners, he said.

“Since mid-December 2014, Moscow has deployed an oceanographic and a hydrographic research ship to Nicaragua; an intelligence collection ship to the U.S. East Coast and Caribbean; and an additional oceanographic research ship to the Caribbean,” Tidd said. “This is four naval deployments to Latin America in less than 12 months, all of which involved data or intelligence collection.”

Russia’s aim, he said, is to prove that the country is a “global power capable of challenging U.S. leadership.” This requires that Southern Command deepen its security cooperation with partners in the region, he said.

The command is currently looking for a variety of technologies to help partner nations, said Juan A. Hurtado, science and technology advisor deputy director for Southern Command’s technology, innovation and solutions theater engagement division.

“We’re looking to field a range of technologies to meet current and emerging requirements,” he said. “Specifically, airborne capability to improve detection and monitoring … [and] we’re also exploring technologies to facilitate information sharing, remote communications, all domain awareness, environmental security and cyber capability.”

Southern Command is looking for new sensors that can provide it with enhanced capabilities, he said. “We have a slew of sensors that we’re working on to see which one of those can help us not only on the detection and monitoring [missions] but also to provide support … [for] disaster response [and] environmental security.”

The command currently uses synthetic aperture radars to see through cloud cover, which is critical in monitoring natural disasters like hurricanes where standard imaging sensors don’t work as well, he added.

The command is also looking for ways to improve communication in the region. Vast jungles and waterways characterize South America’s topography. That remoteness can make it difficult for radios and communication systems to connect, Hurtado said. Satellites could be one way to bridge the gap, he noted.

“Right now we are looking at nanosatellite technology in order … to see if they have military utility,” he said.

The command — which is working alongside NASA, the U.S. Army, Brazil and Colombia — has launched five nanosatellites to provide voice, text and data information for military operations, he said. Each satellite is about the size of a loaf of bread, he said. The systems will be a less expensive way to communicate, he added.

“It’s very expensive … to synchronize the various radios that are being used by the partner nations and us,” he said. With nanosatellites — which cost about $500,000 each — there will be better
interoperability, he noted.

Nanosatellites are less complex and expensive than traditional systems. “That has given access to many partners that didn’t have access to space,” he said.

In May, the command tested the constellation of satellites in Colombia. In June, it plans to test them in Brazil, he said. Southern Command expects to release a report on the study around September.

Partner nations are also keen on experimenting with new technology, Hurtado said.

“We have conducted testing in all the various regions — the Caribbean, Central America, South America,” he said. “They are always very willing. … We have a partnership in which we bring the technology and the scientists and they provide in many cases the forces and the sites and the mission sets.”

Shaun McDougall, a defense analyst at Forecast International, a Newtown, Connecticut-based marketing consulting firm, said the biggest acquisition priorities for Southcom are maritime security and interdiction, air domain awareness, counterterrorism and ISR gathering.

“When it comes to equipment, the focus will be on ISR assets [such as] surveillance aircraft and particularly UAVs; interdiction platforms, namely small boats and helicopters; communications systems as well as intelligence and biometrics capabilities,” he said. “Any technologies that can aid in multi-national operations will be welcomed as well.”

There are numerous opportunities for U.S. defense contractors to sell equipment to Southcom but the command faces prioritization issues, he said.

“While Southcom partnerships are a key component of the broader U.S. defense strategy, the higher funding priorities are European Command, Central Command and Pacific Command,” he told National Defense in an email. “Those commands also require much more advanced systems, whereas Southcom requirements are more low-end in nature, and so do not offer the same big-ticket opportunities that exists elsewhere.”

Latin American countries traditionally do not spend heavily on defense, said William Ostrove, an aerospace and defense analyst at Forecast International. “Compared to other regions of the world, only African nations spend less on defense. In terms of purchasing equipment, Latin America invests even less, since the majority of defense spending in the region goes towards salaries.”

However, there are some exceptions. Brazil, which has the largest economy in the area, spends more than most South American countries. Brazilian defense investment was 39 percent of the regional total, he said.

“The Latin American defense market has been small but steady over the past few years,” Ostrove said. “For years, economies in Latin America grew rapidly, driven by demand for commodities like copper and oil in China. In addition to economic growth, continued fighting against drug cartels and guerilla groups have created strong opportunities to sell military equipment.”

But over the next year or two, that market is at risk because of economic problems in Brazil and Venezuela, he said. “As commodity prices drop and economies enter recession, governments will be faced with large deficits and may be forced to cut defense spending.”

Most countries in the region purchase their military equipment from foreign suppliers, but there has been increased interest in forming partnerships, he said.

One example includes a contract that Chile recently signed with German shipbuilder Fassmer to provide the nation with offshore patrol vessels. Chilean company ASMAR will do the construction work, Ostrove said.
 

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G7 agrees need strong message on South China Sea; China says don't 'hype'

By Thomas Wilson and Kiyoshi Takenaka
May 26, 2016

ISE-SHIMA, Japan (Reuters) - Group of Seven (G7) leaders agreed on Thursday on the need to send a strong message on maritime claims in the western Pacific, where an increasingly assertive China is locked in territorial disputes with Japan and several Southeast Asian nations.

The agreement prompted a sharp rejoinder from China, which is not in the G7 club but whose rise as a power has put it at the heart of some discussions at the advanced nations' summit in Ise-Shima, central Japan.

"Prime Minister (Shinzo) Abe led discussion on the current situation in the South China Sea and East China Sea. Other G7 leaders said it is necessary for G7 to issue a clear signal," Japanese Deputy Chief Cabinet Secretary Hiroshige Seko told reporters after a session on foreign policy affairs.

At a news conference late on Wednesday, Abe said Japan welcomed China's peaceful rise while repeating Tokyo's opposition to acts that try to change the status quo by force. He also urged respect for the rule of law. Both principles are expected to be mentioned in a statement after the summit.

The United States is also increasingly concerned about China's action in the region.

Chinese Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Hua Chunying retorted in Beijing that the South China Sea issue had "nothing to do" with the G7 or any of its members.

"China is resolutely opposed to individual countries hyping up the South China Sea for personal gain," she said.

U.S. President Barack Obama called on China on Wednesday to resolve maritime disputes peacefully and he reiterated that the United States was simply concerned about freedom of navigation and overflight in the region.

Obama on Thursday pointed to the risks from North Korea's nuclear and missile programs, saying the isolated state was "hell bent" on getting atomic weapons.

But he said there had been improved responses from countries in the region like China that could reduce the risk of North Korea selling weapons or nuclear material.

"It's something that we've put at the center of discussions and negotiations with China," Obama told reporters.

Seko, speaking the first of two days of the summit in central Japan, said Abe told G7 counterparts that Pyongyang's development of nuclear technology and ballistic missiles poses a threat to international peace, including in Europe.

"It is necessary to make North Korea realize that it would not be able have a bright future unless such issues as abduction, nuclear and missile development are resolved," Abe told the group, according to Seko.

The G7 groups Britain, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan and the United States.

GLOBAL HEALTH CHECK

The global economy topped the agenda earlier in the day, when G7 leaders voiced concern about emerging economies and Abe made a pointed comparison to the 2008 global financial crisis. Not all his G7 partners appeared to agree.

The G7 leaders did agree on the need for flexible spending to spur world growth but the timing and amount depended on each country, Seko told reporters, adding that some countries saw no need for such spending. Britain and Germany have been resisting calls for fiscal stimulus.

"G7 leaders voiced the view that emerging economies are in a severe situation, although there were views that the current economic situation is not a crisis," Seko said.

Abe presented data showing global commodities prices fell 55 percent from June 2014 to January 2016, the same margin as from July 2008 to February 2009, after the Lehman collapse.

Lehman had been Wall Street's fourth-largest investment bank when it filed for Chapter 11 protection on Sept. 15, 2008, making its bankruptcy by far the biggest in U.S. history. Its failure triggered the global financial crisis.

Abe hopes, some political insiders say, to use a G7 statement on the global economy as cover for a domestic fiscal package including the possible delay of a rise in the nation's sales tax to 10 percent from 8 percent planned for next April.

Obama ripped into Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump, saying the billionaire had rattled other G7 leaders and that his statements were aimed at getting headlines, not what was needed to keep America safe and the world on an even keel.

Trump has been accused of racism, misogyny and bigotry for saying he would build a giant wall to keep out illegal Mexican immigrants, would temporarily ban Muslims from the United States and issued a series of comments considered demeaning to women.

Summit pageantry began when Abe escorted G7 leaders to the Shinto religion's holiest site, the Ise Grand Shrine in central Japan, dedicated to sun goddess Amaterasu Omikami, mythical ancestress of the emperor.

On Wednesday night, Abe met Obama for talks dominated by the arrest of a U.S. military base civilian worker in connection with the killing of a young woman on Japan's Okinawa island, reluctant host to the bulk of the U.S. military in Japan.

The attack dimmed Obama's hopes of keeping his Japan trip strictly focused on his visit on Friday to Hiroshima, site of the world's first atomic bombing, to highlight reconciliation between the two former World War Two enemies as well as his nuclear anti-proliferation agenda.

(Reporting by Thomas Wilson and Kiyoshi Takenaka; Additional reporting by Matt Spetalnick, Tetsushi Kajimoto, Kylie MacLellan, Ami Miyazaki and Ben Blanchard; Writing by Linda Sieg; Editing by Nick Macfie, Robert Birsel, William Mallard; Editing by Mark Heinrich)

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https://www.yahoo.com/news/afghanis...tive-uninterested-peace-154224737.html?ref=gs

Afghanistan sees Taliban leader as rigid conservative uninterested in peace

May 26, 2016
By Hamid Shalizi

KABUL (Reuters) - The Afghan government is looking warily at the conservative religious scholar who has assumed leadership of the Taliban, seeing in him a rigid proponent of hardline orthodoxy who is unlikely to favor peace talks, officials said.

A day after the Afghan Taliban announced that Haibadullah Akhundzada would take over after Mullah Akhtar Mansour was killed in a U.S. drone strike in Pakistan, officials on Thursday were trying to form a picture of a leader best known for relentlessly applying strict sharia, or Islamic law.

In his former role as one of the Taliban insurgency's senior judges, he was responsible for issuing a series of death sentences against opponents of Mansour, according to General Abdul Razeq, police chief of Akhundzada's home city of Kandahar.

Officials said he appeared to favor a return to the austere and often harsh Islamic rule in Afghanistan before the Taliban were ousted by U.S.-led forces in 2001, something that would be unacceptable to the Afghan government and its Western backers.

"He is a simple religious cleric," said Haji Agha Lalai, an adviser to President Ashraf Ghani, who added that Akhundzada would rely heavily on his deputy Sirajuddin Haqqani, leader of the feared Haqqani network, for battlefield decisions.

For the moment, the Afghan government and its NATO allies do not see any letup in the fighting, and are bracing for likely bomb attacks as Akhundzada consolidates his position and demonstrates his determination to fight.

"It's all speculation at the moment as to where he will go," said Brigadier General Charles Cleveland, spokesman for NATO's Resolute Support mission.

"In the short term, though, we don't expect to see any significant changes on the battlefield," he told reporters.

Taliban officials present at the meeting where Akhundzada was made leader said his appointment was largely because he was perceived as a unifying figure who could heal the rifts that emerged during Mansour's brief tenure.

But Lalai said he did not appear to have the kind of political skills needed to change the strategic direction of the Taliban, which has ruled out joining peace talks, even if he wanted to.

"People in the Taliban only respect him because he is a pious man," he said. "We don't see any hope that he would agree (to) or ... convince the Taliban to accept a peace deal."

CONSERVATIVE

Akhundzada, from a deeply religious family in the Panjwai district of Kandahar province, also attracted harsh criticism from factional rivals within the Taliban, who previously opposed Mansour.

"He is a very conservative, narrow-minded, inefficient kind of person who will never be able to unite the Taliban or gather support," said Mullah Abdul Manan Niazi, the deputy and spokesman of Mullah Mohammad Rasool, leader of the most prominent anti-Mansour faction in the Taliban.

He said Akhundzada was responsible for the execution of several senior Taliban commanders.

"His fatwa was to execute whoever rejected Mullah Mansour as a leader," he said.

Pakistan, which has faced fresh accusations of harboring the Taliban after Mansour's death on its soil, said the drone strike had undermined the so-called quadrilateral peace process involving Pakistan, Afghanistan, the United States and China.

But foreign policy chief Sartaj Aziz, who said the United States informed Chief of Army Staff General Raheel Sharif of the strike against Mansour three-and-a-half hours before Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif, said contacts would resume.

"As the new (Taliban) leadership settles down, the four members will make their own contacts and then there will be a collective assessment of how to move this process forward."

(Additional reporting by Said Sarwar Amani in Kandahar, James Mackenzie in Kabul and Asad Hashim in Islamabad; Editing by Mike Collett-White)

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http://www.timebomb2000.com/vb/show...-Focus-on-Right-Wing-quot-Thought-Crimes-quot

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REPORT: Migrants Committing Disproportionately High Crime In Germany While Media And Govt Focus on ‘Far Right’ Thought Crimes

by Raheem Kassam And Chris Tomlinson
23 May 2016
Comments 3,595

A massive, migrant crime wave is surging across Germany according to figures buried in a new report released by the country’s Interior Ministry. The data reveals that without migrants considered, crime rates in Germany would have remained roughly static since 2014. But, in fact, the country recorded an extra 402,741 crimes committed by migrants.

While much of this criminality concerned illegal border crossings, German authorities instead talked up a “record surge” in crimes by “right wing radicals”.

Concerning statistics from the 135-page report reveal that 70 per cent of pickpocketing, one of the crime types on the rise, was committed by non-Germans. Of this figure, 34 per cent was committed by recent asylum seekers, with the rest committed by “non-Germans”.

Foreign nationals are thought to account for around 11 or 12 per cent of the total population of Germany, but were over-represented in every area of crime.

Illegal immigrants and asylum seekers account for around 2.5 per cent of Germany’s population, but were also massively overrepresented.

Amongst total offences, non-Germans accounted for 27.6 percent while illegal immigrants and asylum seekers accounted for 5.7 percent. Of homicides, the figures are 29.3%/8.2%, and of sexual assaults, the figures were 20.5%/4.8%.

In all of these cases as well as those indicated in the chart below, non-Germans and illegal migrants outstripped their proportions of crime to their representation in German society.

Non-Germans accounted for 38 per cent of all robberies, 38 per cent of thefts, and 43 per cent of thefts that involved a level of aggravation such as assault or force.

They accounted for 40.2 per cent of burglaries, 43.5 per cent of shoplifting, and a whopping 75.7 of pick pocketing or purse snatching.

In the chart below, non-Germans are in light red while asylum seekers and illegal migrants are in deep red.

Screen Shot 2016-05-23 at 16.13.08

And of migrant crimes specifically, Syrians top the list of migrant crimes that are not related to border controls, with a total of 10,348 individual offences in 2015. They also led assault cases among migrants, with 3,186 offences in 2015.

Thefts were most committed by Albanians, with 6,689 offences and Algerians coming close with 5,611. Algerians almost tie with Serbians when it comes to fraud. Balkan nationals were accountable for 2,834 cases, barely above North Africans’ 2,774.

Algerians top the list for smuggling goods (2,449) and also top the list for drug selling offences (976).

Even when border control breaches are exempted from the data, the situation is still stark. Male crime is stagnant amongst Germans, but when migrants are added, male crime goes up 12 per cent, with female crime rising just 6 per cent. This reflects the fact that most migrants into Europe in 2015 were young men.

Crime rates amongst “non-Germans” outside the residence act are up 13 per cent, whereas crimes committed by Germans are down 5 per cent.

And the report shows that offences against the Residence Act, the Asylum Procedures Act, and the Freedom of Movement Act are up by 157.5 per cent, with shopliftings up by 7.1 per cent, pickpocketing up by 7.0 per cent, burglary up by 9.9 per cent, and drug offences up by 2.1 per cent.

Presenting the report to journalists however, Mr. de Maiziere insisted in focusing on “politically-motivated crimes by the far-right” which he said had risen 35 percent in 2015 to nearly 23,000.

“The sharp increase in politically motivated crime points to a dangerous development in society,” de Maiziere told reporters at a news conference. “We are witnessing a growing and increasingly pronounced readiness to use violence, both by right- and left-wing extremists.”

But while attacks on refugee centre rose to 1,031 compared to 199 in the prior year, most of the offences committed appear to be what could be called “thought crime”, or what police describe as “evidence that they aimed to eliminate certain constitutional principles”.

Of a total of 38,981 political crimes committed in 2015, some 29,681 (76.1 per cent) were classed under this category.

Of real incidents, 1,031 were attacks on asylum centres, but just 177 of these were thought to be “violent”, with most of the rest believed to be “propaganda” offences or vandalism.

And according to the statistics, identified left wingers have had more confrontations with police (3,507 incidents), according to the statistics, than right wingers have (1,203 incidents). Left-wing activists have confronted more right wingers (4,276 incidents) than vice versa (1,406 incidents). These incidents include public protests like those of the PEGIDA movement.

Nonetheless, the reporting from Western news agencies has focused on a “right wing” wave of violence.

Earlier this month, when Republican Party presumptive nominee Donald Trump alleged “[L]ook at Germany, it’s crime-riddled right now”, organisations like Politifact were quick to crow about how immigrants accounted for fewer crimes than native Germans.

But today’s statistics reveal that as a percentage of the population, non-Germans and illegal immigrants account for a massively disproportionate amount of crime in Germany.

Follow Raheem Kassam on Twitter and Chris Tomlinson too.



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http://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-china-southchinasea-idUSKCN0YH2NZ

World | Thu May 26, 2016 6:48pm EDT
Related: World, China, South China Sea

Pentagon says China aircraft intercept violated 2015 agreement

WASHINGTON | By Idrees Ali


The Pentagon has concluded that an intercept of a U.S. military aircraft by Chinese fighter jets last week over the South China Sea violated an agreement the two governments signed last year, a U.S. defense official said on Thursday.

The Pentagon findings contradict what the Chinese Defense Ministry said earlier in the day.

Last year, the United States and China announced an agreement establishing rules of behavior to govern air-to-air encounters and creating a military hotline.

"The review of the Chinese intercept of one of our reconnaissance aircraft has assessed the intercept to have been unsafe based upon the Memorandum of Understanding with China and International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) standards," U.S. Defense Department spokesman Bill Urban told Reuters.

The incident took place in international airspace last week as a U.S. military plane carried out "a routine U.S. patrol," the Pentagon said.

Two Chinese J-11 fighter jets flew within 50 feet (15 meters) of the U.S. EP-3 aircraft, a U.S. defense official said at the time. The official said the incident took place east of Hainan Island.

The incident came at a time of heightened Sino-American tensions in the South China Sea. China claims most of the area, through which $5 trillion in ship-borne trade passes every year. The Philippines, Vietnam, Malaysia, Taiwan and Brunei have overlapping claims.

Washington has accused Beijing of militarizing the South China Sea after creating artificial islands, while Beijing, in turn, has criticized increased U.S. naval patrols and exercises in Asia.

Chinese Defense Ministry spokesman Yang Yujun told a news briefing on Thursday that China's aircraft acted completely professionally and in line with an agreement reached between the countries on rules governing such encounters.

However, he said the agreement could only provide a "technical standard", and the best way of resolving the problem was for the U.S. to stop such flights.

Urban said the two governments discussed the intercept at this weeks Military Maritime Consultative Agreement talks in Hawaii. "The United States has expressed our concern to China," he said.

The agreement on rules of behavior for air-to-air encounters signed last year was broad in scope, addressing everything from the correct radio frequencies to use during distress calls to the wrong physical behaviors to use during crises.

Last week, Pentagon spokesman Peter Cook told reporters that it was unclear if China violated the agreement but that their actions were "unsafe."


(Editing by Warren Strobel and Alan Crosby)
 

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World | Fri May 27, 2016 10:06am EDT
Related: World, United Nations, South Korea, North Korea

North Korea threatens retaliation after South Korean warning shots


North Korea threatened retaliation on Friday after South Korea fired what it said were warning shots when a patrol boat and fishing boat from the North crossed the disputed sea border off the west coast of the Korean peninsula.

The two vessels from the North retreated about eight minutes after the South Korean navy fired five 40 mm artillery shots at around 7:30 a.m. local time, South Korean officials told Reuters.

The North Korean boats had crossed the Northern Limit Line, a border that the North disputes, near the South Korean border island of Yeonpyeong, according to the South Korean military.

North Korea accused the South Korean navy of intruding into its waters and said the South fired at its ships in a "grave provocative act," the Supreme Command of the North's Korean People's Army was quoted as saying by the official KCNA news agency late on Friday.

"The provocation-makers are going to regret for ever how horrible the aftermath of their reckless firing first will be," it was quoted as saying.

North Korea frequently makes threatening statements against the South. Tensions have been high since the North conducted a nuclear test in January and a space rocket launch in February, prompting a United Nations Security Council resolution in March tightening sanctions against the isolated state.

North Korean fishing boats occasionally stray into South Korean waters. Over the years, navy vessels from both sides have traded fire in sometimes deadly incidents.

In 2010, 46 South Korean sailors were killed when their ship sank in what the South says was a torpedo attack by the North. North Korea has denied responsibility.

The two countries remain in a technical state of war since their 1950-53 conflict ended in a truce, not a peace treaty.

Pyongyang recently proposed military talks with Seoul, but the South dismissed the offer as "a bogus peace offensive" because it lacks a plan to end the North's nuclear program.


(Reporting by Ju-min Park; Editing by Tony Munroe and Mark Trevelyan)
 

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http://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-iraq-falluja-idUSKCN0YI1AD

World | Fri May 27, 2016 11:58am EDT
Related: World, United Nations

Final battle for IS-held Falluja will start in days: Shi'ite leader

BAGHDAD/GENEVA | By Saif Hameed and Stephanie Nebehay


The final battle to recapture Falluja, Islamic State's stronghold near Baghdad, will start in "days, not weeks", a Shi'ite militia leader said on Friday, as new reports emerged of people starving to death in the besieged Sunni city.

The first phase of the offensive that started on Monday is nearly finished, with the complete encirclement of the city that lies 50 km (32 miles) west of the Iraqi capital, said Hadi al-Amiri, leader of the Iranian-backed Badr Organization.

Amiri, in military fatigues, spoke to state-TV from the operations area with Prime Minister Haider al-Abadi standing by his side, wearing the black uniform of Iraq's counter-terrorism force.

At the end of last year, Abadi said 2016 would be the year of the final victory over Islamic State, which declared a caliphate two years ago in territory it controls in Iraq and Syria.

Falluja is a bastion of the insurgency that fought the U.S. occupation of Iraq and the Shi'ite-led authorities that replaced Sunni leader Saddam Hussein. It was the first city captured by Islamic State in Iraq, in January 2014, and is the second-largest still held by the militants after Mosul, their de-facto capital.

Amiri said this week the Shi'ite paramilitary coalition known as Popular Mobilization would only take part in the encirclement operations, and would let the army storm Falluja. It would only enter the city if the army's attack failed.

The army has defused more than 250 explosive devices planted by the militants in roads and villages to delay the troops' advance, state TV said, citing military officers.


THOUSANDS TRAPPED

Amiri called on civilians to leave from a southwestern exit called the al-Salam (Peace) Junction. But the United Nations said on Friday about 50,000 civilians were being prevented by the hardline Sunni militants from escaping.

Those who did manage to flee the city reported some people were dying of starvation, the U.N. refugee agency UNHCR said. The Norwegian Refugee Council on Thursday reported similar accounts from displaced people interviewed at a camp near Falluja.

"Food has been in very short supply. We are hearing accounts that people are relying on expired rice and dried dates and that’s about it for their diet," UNHCR spokeswoman Melissa Fleming told a news briefing in Geneva.

"They have to rely on unsafe water sources, including drainage water from the irrigation canals."

Another UNHCR spokeswoman, Ariane Rummery, later said about 825 families were able to leave the city hurriedly on Friday, with no belongings, and were taken to safety by minibus.

Between 500 and 700 IS militants are in Falluja, according to a U.S. military estimate. The death toll since the start of the military operation on Monday has reached about 50, including 30 civilians and 20 miliants, a source in the city's main hospital said.

Success in recapturing Falluja might help Abadi refocus the attention of Iraq's unruly political parties on the war on Islamic State, and defuse unrest prompted by delays in his planned reshuffle of the cabinet to help root out corruption.

But thousands of anti-corruption demonstrators gathered again on Friday in central Baghdad, prompting security forces to fire tear gas and rubber bullets as they tried to approach the heavily fortified Green Zone.

The demonstrators ignored Abadi's appeal on Thursday for an end to protests against his government while the armed forces are fighting to retake Falluja. "Holding demonstrations is a right, but that would put pressure on our forces," he said

A week ago, security forces fired live rounds at demonstrators who broke into the Green Zone, killing four and wounding more than 90, according to hospital sources.


(Writing by Maher Chmaytelli, Editing by Mark Trevelyan)
 

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http://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-aleppo-idUSKCN0YI12E

World | Fri May 27, 2016 12:45pm EDT
Related: World, Syria

Islamic State drives Syria rebels from near Turkish border

BEIRUT | By John Davison


Islamic State fighters captured territory from Syrian rebels near the Turkish border on Friday and inched closer to a town on a supply route for foreign-backed insurgents fighting the jihadists, a monitoring group said.

The hardline group has been fighting against rebels in the area for several months. The rebels, who are supplied via Turkey, last month staged a major push against Islamic State, but the group counter-attacked and beat them back.

The United States has identified the area north of Syria's former commercial hub Aleppo as a priority in the fight against the Islamic State group (IS).

The British-based Syrian Observatory for Human Rights said Friday's advance was the biggest by IS in Aleppo province for two years. It brought the jihadists to within 5 km (3 miles) of Azaz, a town near the border with Turkey through which insurgents have been supplied.

Islamic State said in a statement it had captured several villages near Azaz.

International medical charity Medecins Sans Frontieres said it evacuated patients and staff from a hospital in the area as the fighting got closer, and that tens of thousands of people were trapped between the frontlines and Turkish border.

A Syrian NGO operating in the area said the latest assault by IS had displaced 20,000 more people toward Turkey.

The advance also cut rebel supply lines from Azaz to the town of Marea farther southeast, isolating the latter from other rebel-held areas, the Observatory said.

The Observatory said the fighting had killed 30 rebel fighters and 11 members of Islamic State.

In April, Islamic State militants seized another strategic town near the Turkish border from rebel factions fighting under the banner of the Free Syrian Army.


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The IS advances on Friday encroach on a corridor of rebel-held territory that leads from the Turkish border down toward Aleppo city, which is divided between insurgent and government control.


ALEPPO BATTLEGROUND

Aleppo's northern countryside is the theater of several separate battles between multiple warring sides in the five-year-old conflict, which has drawn in military involvement of regional and world powers that back different groups.

Rebels supplied through Turkey have been fighting Islamic State and separately battling Kurdish forces in other areas.

Ankara, a major sponsor of groups fighting to topple President Bashar al-Assad, is concerned by Kurdish advances along its border, where the Kurdish YPG militia already controls an uninterrupted 400 km (250 mile) stretch.

Turkey has shelled Kurdish positions inside Syria.

The United States supports the YPG and allied fighters in its battle against Islamic State farther east, including in Hasaka and Raqqa provinces.

Islamic State's foothold at the Turkish border was significantly loosened last year when YPG fighters gained territory from the group.

Islamic State has declared a cross-border Islamic caliphate in Syria and neighboring Iraq.


Related Coverage
› Russia says U.S. 'delays' with joint Syria action may hit peace process
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Syrian government and allied forces are also fighting rebels north of Aleppo.

The Observatory said more than 20 people including children died on Friday in air strikes on rebel-held parts of Aleppo city and areas to its northwest.


DAMASCUS

Separately, al Qaeda's Syrian affiliate Nusra Front and other insurgents late on Thursday seized control of a town south of Damascus from government forces, the Observatory said.

Nusra Front said in a statement it had captured Deir Khabiyeh, which is near an area where government forces and allies have sought to tighten control of a road leading south.

Last week, government forces and their Lebanese Hezbollah allies captured territory in Damascus's eastern suburbs from insurgents.

Nusra Front and Islamic State are rivals in the Syrian conflict and have been fighting each other, including near Damascus, in separate battles from those between insurgents and government forces.


(Additional reporting by Lisa Barrington in Beirut and Dasha Afanasieva in Ankara; Editing by Tom Heneghan)
 

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http://blogs.reuters.com/breakingviews/2016/05/24/saudis-three-great-pillars-are-showing-cracks/

Breakingviews

Saudi’s three great pillars are showing cracks

By Andy Critchlow
May 24, 2016

The author is a Reuters Breakingviews columnist. The opinions expressed are his own.

Three main pillars bind Saudi Arabia together: oil, the ruling Al Saud family and Islam. Reforms are preparing the Middle East’s largest economy for the end of a reliance on the first. But they could have a destabilising knock-on effect on the other two.

Saudi as a modern nation was founded in 1932 by a powerful regional overlord known as Ibn Saud. Since then the family has monopolised power by doling out its vast petroleum wealth in the form of handouts and preferential business deals while maintaining an uneasy pact with an ultra-conservative domestic religious establishment. But a 62 percent slide in the price of crude since 2012 has forced the kingdom to cut benefits such as energy subsidies for the average Saudi. Buying support is about to get tougher.

The radical restructuring of the economy now being managed by Deputy Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman – one of Ibn Saud’s many grandsons – is ambitious and not before time. The prince, widely known as ‘MbS’, last month presented the details of his Vision 2030 and short-term National Transformation Plan, with the aim of weaning Saudi off oil, which still accounts for over 70 percent of budget revenues. But although it’s a financial necessity for Riyadh to rein in a record budget deficit, politically the strategy is risky – it could prove unpopular in poorer rural tribal areas of the desert kingdom.

That would be okay if the 1000-plus princes of the Al Saud family were a unified bunch. But they are not immune to disagreements. After the death of the incumbent King Salman bin Abdulaziz, power will pass for the first time outside the direct line of Ibn Saud’s sons, which itself implies a less harmonious succession. The sudden elevation of the 31-year-old MbS, the current king’s son, looks a threat to his cousin Mohammed bin Nayef, who as crown prince is the official heir to the throne. It could also kindle resentment among the sons of previous rulers who were passed over, including those who don’t descend from the offspring of Ibn Saud’s most influential wife, Hassa bint Ahmed al-Sudairi.

The full brothers produced from this marriage, including the present king, are known as the ‘Sudairi seven’. For decades this group worked together to become the most powerful faction in Saudi politics, but those close blood ties have now been watered down – MbS and Mohammed bin Nayef are cousins, rather than brothers. As such they are less likely to co-operate as effectively as their fathers did, which could set up a power struggle. Then there are princes such as Miteb bin Abdullah – the son of the previous king – who have been sidelined but could feasibly make a play for power. Miteb controls the National Guard, which is the only sizeable organized military force outside the country’s army.

Discord among the Al Saud has some historical precedent. The family deposed Ibn Saud’s initial successor, replacing him with the more reform-minded King Faisal in 1964. Faisal is credited with modernising the kingdom by reforming the economy – he abolished slavery, for example. But he came to a bloody end when he was assassinated in 1975 by a young Al Saud relative. Faisal’s fate looms large in the minds of those tempted to be similarly reform-minded.

Finally, there is the royal family’s unwritten alliance with Wahhabism, the ultra-conservative school of Sunni Islam. Without the support of the clergy, Ibn Saud would have struggled to unify the country and his descendants would have probably lost control. Often linked with the spread of religious extremism and sectarian division, Wahhabism is perhaps the biggest barrier to Riyadh finding a peace with Iran and Shiite Islam, or achieving real social reform. Without significant changes, such as equal rights for women and the moderation of the strict religious legal system, lasting economic change is unlikely to succeed.

In a worst case scenario, internal family rivalries, regional religious forces and economic strain would undermine the ties that bind Saudi Arabia together. The kingdom could conceivably even fragment into disparate provinces governed by rival warlords, which would resemble how it looked before Ibn Saud unified the country. The consequences for Middle East stability would be profound.
 

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http://www.defenseone.com/threats/2...mb-stockpiles-fight-isis/128646/?oref=d-river

The US is Raiding its Global Bomb Stockpiles to Fight ISIS

May 26, 2016 By Marcus Weisgerber
Comments 17

The anti-ISIS coalition has dropped more than 41,500 bombs, leading the Pentagon to borrow from stockpiles in other regions.

The U.S. military is raiding its smart-bomb stockpiles around the world to continue its nearly two-year-old airstrike campaign against the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria, Pentagon officials said.

Defense Department officials are trying to figure out “how we balance the weapons we have,” U.S. Air Force Lt. Gen. Charles Brown, the man overseeing the airstrikes, said Thursday.

“We have to do some analysis of where we take risk,” Brown said in a video conference with reporters from Al Udeid Air Base in Qatar, home to the American-run combined air and space operations center.

“What I mean by that is: where do we pull some weapons from that we were saving for other contingencies,” he said. “And do we use them now or do we save them for later?”

The coalition has conducted 12,453 airstrikes in Iraq and Syria since August 2014, according to Operation Inherent Resolve, the task force overseeing the counter-ISIS campaign. More than 8,500 of the strikes have occurred in Iraq and nearly 4,000 in Syria. American warplanes and drones alone have conducted 9,495 of the strikes, with allies accounting for the remaining 2,958. More than 41,697 bombs have been dropped in those strikes. And the U.S. has loaned bombs to allies participating in the strikes.

The bomb shortage could be further compounded by a Pentagon policy that would require it to ditch old cluster munitions, military officials said.

The U.S. maintains bomb stockpiles in Europe, the Middle East, and the Pacific. Many of these consist of older versions of modern bombs, according to a January Center for Strategic and International Studies review of U.S. defense strategy in the Pacific.

“Ideally [the Pentagon] would also procure large numbers of the most modern munitions,” the report said. But spending reductions from the Budget Control Act “have affected all modernization, including munitions.”

U.S. Defense Secretary Ash Carter announced in February that the Pentagon would ask Congress for more than $1.8 billion to buy 45,000 new bombs. U.S. arms makers have already increased bomb production to keep up with the demand.


Related: Bombs Away! Lockheed Expanding Missile Factories, Quadruples Bomb Production for ISIS Long Haul

Related: Pentagon Running Low on Smart Bombs for ISIS Campaign


The military is facing this shortfall because it did not forecast needing this many weapons three or more years ago when it made its budget projections. At the time, no U.S. forces were in Iraq and the military was preparing to withdraw from Afghanistan. But that didn’t happen; thousands of American forces remain in Afghanistan and thousands more have gone back to Iraq to train and advise the Iraqi military. Brown also pointed out that allies, in many cases, are dropping American-made, guided smart bombs.

“I know the Air Force has taken some steps to increase in the next [budget cycle], to buy more weapons,” Brown said. “[T]hose weapons are about two years or so away, if not more.”

The bomb shortfalls extend beyond U.S. Central Command. Adm. Harry Harris, the commander of U.S. Pacific Command, told Congress that he was also concerned about depletion of bomb stockpiles.

“Critical munitions shortfalls are a top priority and concern,” Harris wrote in testimony for a Feb. 23 Senate Armed Services Committee hearing. “USPACOM advocates for continued investment, additional procurement and improved munitions technologies to better deter and defeat aggression.”

Harris also wrote that PACOM needs “improvements in munitions technologies, production, and pre-positioning, but fiscal pressure places this at risk.”

In a previously unreported March 10 letter to House Armed Services Committee Chairman Mac Thornberry, R-Texas, Harris listed additional purchases of munitions in his top three unfunded priorities. The admiral singled out AIM-9X and AIM-120D air-to-air missiles, SM-6 surface-to-air missiles and MK-48 torpedos. All four weapons are made by Raytheon.

The CSIS report recommends the Pentagon deploy more bombs to Guam, Japan and Korea.

At a March 22 House Armed Services Committee hearing, Gen. Joseph Dunford, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, said it would be “several years before we fully restore full-spectrum readiness across the services and replenish our stocks of critical precision munitions.”


Cluster Weapons


In February, Gen. Curtis Scaparrotti, then-commander of U.S. Forces Korea, warned that the loss of cluster bombs could deplete the U.S. military’s stockpile in the Pacific.

“[W]e must maintain an adequate quantity of critical munitions to ensure alliance supremacy in the early days of conflict on the Peninsula,” Scaparrotti said at a Feb. 24 House Armed Services Committee hearing.

The general said the problem is “further amplified by the approaching loss of cluster munitions due to shelf life expiration and the impending ban.”

In 2008, then-Defense Secretary Robert Gates placed restrictions on the stockpiling and use of cluster munitions, even though the U.S. is not a signatory to the Convention on Cluster Munitions.

The Gates policy, which goes into effect in 2019, states that “the use of cluster munitions that have a dud rate of greater than one percent can no longer be a part of our inventory and be employed,” Scaparrotti said at the Feb. 23 Senate Armed Services Committee hearing. “I rely on cluster munitions in a very large way to affect operations if we go to crisis on the Peninsula.”

“My concern is, that we will not be able to replace those cluster munitions with proper munitions or we’ll use unitary rounds which … have the same effect,” he said. “I have to fire three to five rounds for each one of those cluster munitions.”

The Senate version of the 2017 National Defense Authorization Act prohibits the Defense Department from destroying any cluster bombs until the defense secretary provides lawmakers with the Pentagon’s policy on the weapons. Sen. Tom Cotton, R-Ark., inserted the language into the bill.

The bill would also allow the Pentagon to set up a special budget account with up to $1 billion to buy and stock “precision guided munitions anticipated to be needed by partner and allied forces to enhance the effectiveness of overseas contingency operations conducted or supported by the United States.” Cotton worked on this language with Senate Armed Services Committee Chairman John McCain, R-Ariz.
 

Housecarl

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Possible electoral fraud in Austrian presidential election
Started by Be Well‎, Yesterday 03:44 PM
http://www.timebomb2000.com/vb/show...toral-fraud-in-Austrian-presidential-election

EU Vows To Use New Powers To Block All Elected ‘Far Right’ Populists From Power
Started by imaginative‎, 05-25-2016 04:27 AM
http://www.timebomb2000.com/vb/show...lected-‘Far-Right’-Populists-From-Power/page2

Boris Johnson: The EU wants a superstate, just as Hitler did
Started by Be Well‎, 05-15-2016 04:25 PM
http://www.timebomb2000.com/vb/show...-The-EU-wants-a-superstate-just-as-Hitler-did

Far-right on edge of power as Austria votes for president
Started by thompson‎, 05-22-2016 11:01 AM
http://www.timebomb2000.com/vb/show...-edge-of-power-as-Austria-votes-for-president

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http://www.economist.com/news/europ...tria-it-growing-force-europe-so-long-farewell


Austria’s presidential squeaker

So long, farewell?

The far right lost in Austria, but it is a growing force in Europe

May 28th 2016 | VIENNA | From the print edition
Comments 25

20160528_EUC492.png

http://cdn.static-economist.com/sit...size/images/print-edition/20160528_EUC492.png

“THERE are two possibilities,” predicted Norbert Hofer, who had just become the standard-bearer of Europe’s hard right. It was May 22nd, voting in Austria’s presidential run-off had ceased and the Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ) candidate seemed to be ahead. “The first: I become president. The second: I become president, and Heinz-Christian Strache becomes chancellor!” In the beer garden in Vienna’s Prater amusement park, his supporters roared, drowning out shrieks from the adjacent roller coaster. Mr Strache, the FPÖ’s leader, grinned.

Once absentee ballots were counted the next day, a third scenario materialised. Mr Hofer (who carries a Glock pistol, supposedly to fend off refugees) narrowly lost to Alexander Van der Bellen, Austria’s 72-year-former Green Party leader. Just 31,000 votes averted the election of western Europe’s first far-right head of state since 1945. How had a man who talks of the “Muslim invasion” of Europe come so close?

The answer is part local, part European. The FPÖ epitomises Austria’s failure fully to come to terms with its complicity in the Third Reich. Founded by former SS officers, the party has close links with Austria’s Burschenschaften, secretive fraternities that embrace pan-Germanist ideology. The FPÖ has traded its earlier anti-Semitism for Islamophobia; “Vienna must not become Istanbul” runs one slogan. Yet it enjoys some respectability. It has formed regional governments with both the centre-right ÖVP and the centre-left SPÖ, and in 2000 joined a national government as a junior partner.

Voters in Austria are fed up with the two mainstream parties, which have spent decades parcelling out state jobs to their supporters and have been in coalition together since 2007. The unemployment rate has risen slightly, to 5.7%. When the migrant crisis broke, the SPÖ-ÖVP government first endorsed Angela Merkel’s pro-refugee policies, then reversed course. The FPÖ, with its dark warnings about foreign criminals, has looked more sure of itself. The two establishment parties together obtained just 22% of the vote in the first round of the presidential contest. Mr Van der Bellen won thanks more to strong anti-FPÖ turnout than to his own appeal.

In graphics: The rise of the far right in Europe

The continental dimension is the refugee crisis. Across Europe, parties of the populist right have made strides (see chart) by whipping up angst about the newcomers. Some, like Poland’s Law and Justice party and Viktor Orbán in Hungary, are post-Soviet nationalists. Others, like Alternative for Germany, the Danish People’s Party, the Party for Freedom (PVV) in the Netherlands and the UK Independence Party, are break-outs from the mainstream right. Then there are openly racist outfits like Hungary’s Jobbik and Greece’s Golden Dawn. The FPÖ, like Marine Le Pen’s National Front in France, is in a fourth category: hard-right parties reaching new voters by smoothing over their extremism.

Mainstream European politicians—not unlike American ones currently discombobulated by Donald Trump—lack a formula for beating these upstarts. The populist right is using the refugee crisis to woo older, poorer and more nostalgic voters with talk of national pride and the decadence of elites. In Austria, at least, the centrists have an example of what not to do. The country suffers from an over-cosy establishment and a deficit of mainstream opposition voices. The SPÖ and ÖVP have pandered to the anti-refugee right rather than confront it. The result on May 23rd could easily have gone the other way. Moderates elsewhere should be scared.

From the print edition: Europe


In this section

Europe’s murky deal with Turkey

1944 all over again

Temporary relief

So long, farewell?

Name, date of birth, migration background

Of creeps and crèches


Related topics

Politics

Government and politics

World politics

European politics

German politics

-----

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http://www.economist.com/blogs/graphicdetail/2016/05/daily-chart-18

Daily chart

The rise of the far right in Europe

May 24th 2016, 14:48 by THE DATA TEAM
Comments 53

20160528_woc492_4.png

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ON MAY 22nd Europe came within 31,000 votes of electing its first far-right head of state since 1945. Norbert Hofer of the Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ) only narrowly lost out to Alexander Van der Bellen, the former Green Party leader, in his country's presidential election. Such a near miss, by a politician who would previously have been dismissed as a fringe candidate, is a sign of the times. Across the continent right-wing populists are on the march. Some, like the FPÖ and the National Front in France, have ditched some of their more obviously extremist positions and project a more professional image. Others, like Jobbik in Hungary and Golden Dawn in Greece, are overtly racist. What they all have in common is a focus on national identity and strong leadership. They are Eurosceptic, anti-migrant (albeit in varying degrees) and led by charismatic rabble-rousers. For such parties the combination of the eurozone crisis and the surge of refugees into Europe have created the perfect circumstances in which to rail against establishment politicians and other elites. Mr Hofer's strong showing in Austria is just the latest milestone in their advance. It is unlikely to be the last.

Correction: The original version of the left-hand chart used incorrect figures for the Netherlands. This has now been changed.
 

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http://freebeacon.com/national-secu...-permitting-advanced-russian-arms-sales-iran/

Obama Admin Considers Permitting Advanced Russian Arms Sales to Iran

White House might not invoke laws triggering new sanctions

BY: Adam Kredo
May 26, 2016 4:15 pm


The Obama administration has the power to sanction key Russian arms sales to Iran, but has so far abstained from exercising this right under U.S. law, prompting some in Congress to question whether the administration is “acquiescing” to the arms sales in order to appease Iran, according to conversations with sources and recent congressional correspondence to the White House exclusively obtained by the Washington Free Beacon.

President Barack Obama has the authority under U.S. law to designate as illegal Russia’s contested sale to Iran of the S-300 missile system, an advanced long-range weapon that would boost the Islamic Republic’s regional military might.

However, the administration has declined for weeks to clarify its stance on new sanctions, despite expressing opposition to the sale. Administration officials have further declined to answer questions from the Free Beacon and other outlets about whether the president will consider taking action in the future.

The administration’s hesitance to act has prompted a new congressional inquiry, the Free Beacon has learned, and has sparked accusations that the White House is not exercising its sanction authority in order to prevent Iran from walking away from last summer’s nuclear deal.

Rep. Steve Chabot (R., Ohio) sent an inquiry to the White House about the matter more than a month ago. The White House has not responded.

“Given the series implications for the United States and our allies in the region, I respectfully request that you quickly determine that Russia’s transfer of S-300 surface-to-air missile systems advance Iran’s efforts to acquire ‘destabilizing numbers and types of advances conventional weapons’ and impose the necessary U.S. sanctions once the Russian delivery takes place,” Chabot wrote to the White House on April 7, according to a copy of the letter obtained by the Free Beacon.

Chabot outlined concern “that without such a determination the United States may be viewed as acquiescing to this transfer” of a major defensive weapons system to Iran.

Chabot told the Free Beacon on Thursday the administration has not responded to multiple inquiries about the potential designation.

“Despite multiple inquires to the U.S. Department of State, I still have not received a response on Russia’s S300 surface-to-air missile system transfer to Iran,” Chabot said. “This apparent dismissal leaves me wondering what exactly the Administration is hiding. I am really asking a simple question – is the introduction of a sophisticated weapon system into Iran, that has not been there previously, going to elicit the appropriate U.S. sanctions response? I am not sure why the Administration has found it so hard to come to a determination. The S300 is one of the most advanced anti-aircraft missile system’s in the world and significantly bolsters Iran’s offensive capabilities and stands as a serious hurdle to our efforts to prevent Iran from becoming a nuclear armed state. This is absolutely a destabilizing conventional weapon system.”

When contacted for comment, a State Department official told the Free Beacon that the administration has not made a final determination about whether the S-300 sale would trigger additional U.S. sanctions.

“We’re continuing to closely follow reports concerning the delivery of the S-300 defensive missile system from Russia to Iraný,” the official said. “We have not made a determination as to whether this delivery, if and when complete, would trigger any actions under U.S. authorities.”

“These systems would significantly bolster Iran’s offensive capabilities and introduce new obstacles to our efforts to eliminate the threat of an Iranian nuclear weapon. I believe existing U.S. sanctions should be used to deter Russia from transferring this or other dangerous weapons systems to Iran,” Chabot said.

The sale is technically permitted under current United Nations resolutions governing weapons sales. However, the Obama administration has the right to veto certain arms sales at the U.N. Security Council. The administration has not committed to doing so.

U.S. law also grants the president the right to designate such sales as illicit and therefore open to sanctions.

The Iran-Iraq Arms Nonproliferation Act of 1992 grants the president authority to sanction the sale of “advanced conventional weapons” to Iran by any nation.

“U.S. law provides your administration with the authority to apply U.S. sanctions in response” to the sale, Chabot explains in his letter. “For example, the Iran-Iraq Arms Nonproliferation Act and the Iran Sanctions Act provide authority for you to sanction individuals or countries that you determine are aiding Iran’s efforts to acquire or develop ‘destabilizing numbers and types of advanced conventional weapons.’”

Sanctions would kick in if the president decides that such a sale would destabilize the Middle East and shift regional balance.

“Iran’s acquisition of these systems would embolden Tehran to adopt a more threatening regional posture and to pursue offensive activities detrimental to regional stability in the belief that the systems would deter retaliation,” according to Chabot.

Reporters as well as lawmakers have attempted for weeks to get an answer from the administration about whether the president would make such a determination.

One foreign policy adviser who works closely with Congress on the Iran issue told the Free Beacon that the administration can no longer waffle on the issue.

“The administration tried to look the other way, but got called out for it by Congress. Then they spent a month and a half hoping that the whole thing would go away,” the source said. “Now I don’t know what they’re going to do, since it’s obvious that they’re letting Iran import advanced weapons in violation of U.S. law just to preserve the nuclear deal.”
 

Housecarl

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http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2016/05/turkey-us-ypg/484631/

Reversing Course on U.S. Soldiers Wearing Kurdish Rebel Insignia

On Thursday, the Defense Department said that in order to blend in, special-operation forces often don the insignia of forces they accompany. On Friday, after Turkey complained, a spokesman called the action “unauthorized and inappropriate.”

Krishnadev Calamur | 9:59 AM ET | News
Comments 15

Updated on May 27 at 2:31 p.m. ET

The U.S. Defense Department has ordered American special-operations forces to take down the insignia of a Kurdish rebel group that Turkey regards as a terrorist organization—after angry complaints from Ankara and despite justifying the patches a day earlier.

“Wearing those YPG patches was unauthorized and inappropriate, and corrective action has been taken,” Colonel Steve Warren, the spokesman for Operation Inherent Resolve (OIR) who is based in Baghdad, told reporters at the Pentagon. “We have communicated as much to our military partners and military allies in the region.”

On Thursday, Agence France-Presse, the French news agency, published photographs that showed U.S. special-operations forces alongside fighters from the Kurdish People’s Protection Units (YPG), near Raqqa, the Syrian city that serves as the de facto capital of the Islamic State. The Americans appeared to be wearing YPG insignia. Turkey, a U.S. ally, regards the YPG as a terrorist group, but the U.S. and its allies do not. The YPG and a host of other Kurdish groups are fighting ISIS, as the Islamic State is also known, in Iraq and Syria.

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Delil Souleiman, the AFP photographer who took the pictures, wrote that the soldiers didn’t seem bothered by him and his colleague, a videographer for the French news agency.


Some prefer to look away when they see us pointing our cameras at them. Some yell to us not to take pictures of their faces. They don’t talk to us, but they are very calm and there is no hostility.

Peter Cook, the U.S. Defense Department spokesman, was asked Thursday about the photographs. His reply:


I'm not going to comment about specific photos. What I will say is that special operations forces when they operate in certain areas do what they can to, if you will, blend in with the community to enhance their own protection, their own security. And special operations forces in the past have worked with partners, and in the past have conducted themselves in such a way that they -- that they might operate in an atmosphere in which they are supportive of that local force in their advise and assist role.

The apparent about-face Friday by Warren, the OIR spokesman, came after Turkey reacted angrily. Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu said it was “unacceptable” for troops from a Turkish ally to wear the YPG insignia. Turkey regards the group as an offshoot of the Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK), the armed group that has fought the Turkish government for decades.

“To those who say they don’t consider the YPG to be the same as these terrorist groups, this is our response,” Cavusoglu said. “This is applying double standards, this is being two-faced.”

He said Turkey had expressed its views on the matter to U.S. officials. That appears to have yielded results.

In many ways, the fight over the YPG’s insignia serves as a microcosm for the United States’s increasingly complicated relationship with Turkey, for decades its closest ally in the region. Although the two countries have the same goal in Syria—to see President Bashar al-Assad step down—their views diverge of how to achieve that goal. Add to this mix the presence of ISIS and Jabhat al-Nusra, the al-Qaeda affiliate, and Russia, who while backing Assad also cooperates with YPG. The Americans have preferred to rely on Kurdish and other fighters in the war against ISIS. Turkey, which has for years battled a violent Kurdish separatist movement, regards many of these groups as terrorists. It, in turn, has supported Islamist groups fighting Assad, groups the U.S. opposes.

As Steven A. Cook wrote in The Atlantic in February: “The Turks are isolated, under pressure, the target of terrorists, on the brink of a wider conflict in Syria, and headlong into a diplomatic crisis with the United States.”

Here’s more:

The Obama administration has tried hard to maintain the fiction that the YPG and PKK are distinct entities, but this has convinced absolutely no one. Even as American diplomats were claiming last summer that they were making progress bringing the Turks around to the way the United States viewed the YPG, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan was declaring that Ankara would never accept what the Kurds call Rojava, meaning Western Kurdistan, which covers northern Syria. So now the Turks are shelling YPG positions in Syria while the YPG continues to coordinate with the United States as well as Russia, leading Turkish officials to conclude that both Washington and Moscow are colluding against Turkey. The Turks want the United States to choose between them or the YPG (and by extension the PKK). It is a bind for American officials. They can either sign up with the Turks, thereby undermining what they have going with the YPG against the Islamic State, or ditch Turkey altogether. Neither serves U.S. interests, so the administration has split the difference.
 
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