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Heliobas Disciple

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Researchers Had a Simple Test for Determining if an Asymptomatic Person Who Tested Positive for COVID Was Infectious — But CDC, Fauci Ignored It
Researchers at Stanford University who developed the test also determined that the vast majority of asymptomatic individuals who tested positive — 96% — did not transmit the virus.

By Michael Nevradakis, Ph.D.
05/12/23

A test that can accurately determine whether an individual with a positive PCR test result for COVID-19 is infectious was available as early as May 2020 — but public health authorities appear to have ignored it.

Researchers at Stanford University who developed the test also determined that the vast majority of asymptomatic individuals who tested positive — 96% — did not transmit the virus.

Investigative reporter and author David Zweig, a previous contributor to the release of the “Twitter files,” first reported on the test on his Substack.
The Most Important Test You’ve Never Heard Of
In May 2020, Stanford scientists developed a test that could have altered the course of the pandemic response. It was never rolled out.
My latest:The Most Important Test You’ve Never Heard Of pic.twitter.com/rXlAZaJ9uB
— David Zweig (@davidzweig) May 8, 2023

“Transmission from asymptomatic people is far, far less common than we were led to believe,” Zweig wrote. “The novel test at Stanford that showed a very low rate of infectious asymptomatic people who had tested positive was available as early as May 2020.”

“Yet the CDC [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention] and other health authorities did nothing,” Zweig said.

Zweig appeared Thursday on The Hill’s “Rising,” where he told the show’s hosts:

“At Stanford, they developed a test in May of 2020, the very beginning of the pandemic, that actually could find out whether or not you were infectious.

“After you had taken a regular PCR test, if it showed you were positive, they could determine whether or not that positive test meant you could actually infect others or not.”

Zweig wrote that while the standard PCR test commonly administered during the COVID-19 pandemic “detects whether someone has the virus … it cannot detect whether the person is capable of infecting others.”

The test developed by Stanford researchers, however, was able to accomplish this. As Zweig explained:

“SARS-CoV-2 is a positive or ‘plus-stranded’ RNA virus. For it to replicate it must do so with a minus strand.

“Brilliantly, the Stanford test looks to see if the minus strand is present. If it is then that indicates the virus is actively replicating, which means it’s potentially infectious. If the minus strand is absent then the virus is not replicating. (It is not possible to transmit the virus if it is not replicating.)”

Benjamin Pinsky, Ph.D., medical director of Stanford’s Clinical Virology Laboratory and medical co-director for Point of Care Testing, was one of the researchers involved in the development of the test. He told Zweig the purpose of the test was to help hospital clinicians accurately determine if patients were infectious or not.

“The minus strand test gave a definitive answer one way or another,” Zweig wrote. But although the test was available as early as May 2020, the CDC did not publish the researchers’ paper about the test until February 2021.

The paper, published in the Emerging Infectious Diseases journal, stated that the analytical validation for the test was conducted “during May-June 2020.”

By publishing the paper in early 2021, federal agencies “certainly were aware that this test existed” even prior to its publication date, Zweig told “Rising.”

“This raises serious questions for those in charge of the CDC, NIH [National Institutes of Health], and NIAID [National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases] for why resources were not allocated toward making this test broadly available,” Zweig wrote on his Substack, adding:

“Though the test was developed for use in hospitals, its utility outside of a medical setting is obvious.

“Regular people could have paid for the test to find out after they got over a bout of COVID whether they were still infectious or not, enabling them to go to work, visit relatives, and so on. Millions of kids could have tested out of isolation.”

Zweig told “Rising” that while it’s unclear why the paper wasn’t put out more broadly, “the fascinating part is we had this tool to give us an answer to a question that was merely conjecture for the entire pandemic.”

What’s more, according to Zweig, Stanford researchers “later looked at data from this test from July of 2020 through April 2022, and answered the question health authorities neglected to answer,” finding that “only 4% of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 PCR-positive patients were shown to be infectious.”

Zweig noted, however, that this percentage did decrease during the “Omicron wave,” where the infection rate among asymptomatic patients “peaked at about 25%.”

One of the researchers involved with the follow-up study, Dr. Ralph Tayyar, is an Infectious Diseases fellow at Stanford. He presented his findings at the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America’s conference in April and told Zweig that the effectiveness of restrictions on asymptomatic individuals was likely lower than claimed.

Using the classroom environment as an analogy, Tayyar told Zweig, “The probability of a kid in class who is not sick actually being infectious is very low.”

Tayyar noted that while public health officials did not adopt the Stanford test, Stanford itself stopped conducting admission screen testing. He said there was no evidence that this resulted in an increase in transmission of COVID-19.

“The CDC could have immediately conducted a huge study to actually answer the question health officials had only been conjecturing about — what percentage of positive people without symptoms have the capability of infecting others,” Zweig said, but opted not to.

Instead, Zweig wrote, during the first few months of the COVID-19 pandemic, “The specter of asymptomatic transmission undergirded not just policies on masks, but on distancing, and quarantines as well.”

According to Zweig, Dr. Anthony Fauci referred to the purported threat of asymptomatic spread to justify his “180 on community mask recommendations.” For instance, Fauci told The Washington Post in July 2020:

“We didn’t realize the extent of asymptotic spread … as the weeks and months came by, two things became clear: one, that there wasn’t a shortage of masks, we had plenty of masks and coverings that you could put on that’s plain cloth … so that took care of that problem.

“Secondly, we fully realized that there are a lot of people who are asymptomatic who are spreading infection. So, it became clear that we absolutely should be wearing masks consistently.”

The concept of “silent spread” was so influential that Dr. Deborah Birx, the White House Coronavirus Response Coordinator from Feb. 27, 2020, to Jan. 20, 2021, named her book “Silent Invasion: The Untold Story of the Trump Administration, Covid-19, and Preventing the Next Pandemic Before It’s Too Late” after it, Zweig said.

“The entire apparatus of our pandemic response — which, most consequentially, kept millions of healthy children out of full-time school for more than a year — was based on this notion,” Zweig wrote.

Other studies also showed that asymptomatic spread of COVID-19 was uncommon.

“In June 2020, Dr. Maria Van Kerkhove, head of the World Health Organization’s [WHO] emerging diseases and zoonosis unit, said that transmission from asymptomatic people was ‘very rare,’” a “conclusion based on a number of countries doing very detailed contact tracing,” Zweig wrote.

However, “the next day, after criticism from some health professionals, WHO officials walked back her statement, and Van Kerkhove said it was a ‘complex question,’” Zweig added.

And an editorial published in The BMJ in December 2020 stated that “Searching for people who are asymptomatic yet infectious is like searching for needles that appear and reappear transiently in haystacks.”

However, these findings were overshadowed by research claiming that a substantial percentage of COVID-19 infections were caused by asymptomatic individuals.

According to Zweig, such findings “supported the health authorities’ messaging … justified various community interventions” and were “covered everywhere.”

“[Many] of the actions we were told — or compelled — to take, including an acceptance of all those closed or half-empty schools, had little to no benefit,” Zweig wrote. “Schools — as they did in Sweden — and most of society could have simply followed the classic advice ‘if you’re sick, stay home,’ and we would have ended up in the same place.”

Zweig told “Rising” he did not want to speculate on why the Stanford study wasn’t rolled out. “I view my job as to merely bring this to light and … that’s a larger conversation,” he said. “Perhaps something even that investigators within the Congress or others can look into.”
 

Heliobas Disciple

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Powerful Cocktail of Modified Antibodies Supercharges the Immune System Against COVID-19
By Lund University
May 12, 2023

Lund University researchers have modified opsonizing monoclonal antibodies to improve the immune response against SARS-CoV-2. By switching to a more potent IgG3 backbone, the antibodies can better tag the virus for elimination by immune cells and protect against variants where vaccines may not be optimal.

Is it possible to improve the antibodies that the body produces to fight SARS-CoV2? In a study led by researchers from Lund University in Sweden, this was investigated by redesigning antibodies and combining them against the virus. The modified antibodies have been tested in human cells and with mice.

Many antibodies used to treat covid infection during the pandemic have been so-called neutralizing antibodies that prevent the virus from infecting the cell. But as the virus has mutated, the ability of these antibodies to bind to the virus has been lost, and thus also their protective effect. In this study, the researchers focused instead on antibodies that can tag the virus to be eliminated by the immune systems patrolling immune cells, a process called opsonization (see fact box).

“There is often talk about wanting to neutralize viruses by preventing them from binding to the body’s cells. It can work well, but we also want to trigger the immune system’s ability to remove the virus, which can be done through opsonizing antibodies that mark the virus so it can be eliminated,” explains Pontus Nordenfelt, associate professor and researcher in infectious medicine at Lund University. He led the study, which was published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS).

During opsonization, foreign materials in the body which can be dangerous, such as bacteria and viruses, are marked so the immune system can remove them. Antibodies are one of the most important of the so-called opsonins in the body, and once they have bound to the foreign particle, the white blood cells will eliminate the “threat” the antibodies have marked.

Monoclonal antibodies come from a single clone and are grown in the laboratory in cells for treatment or diagnostics for various diseases. In the current study, the researchers have modified eight such opsonizing monoclonal antibodies by replacing the parts that signal the immune system to respond. Then it was investigated whether different combinations of the antibodies could improve their function. When the researchers switched the backbone of the Y-shaped antibody of one of the most common IgG antibodies in the blood, IgG1, to the backbone of a theoretically more potent antibody, IgG3, they saw a much stronger immune response. The studies were carried out in human cells and with mice.

“Our preclinical results with human immune cells from donors suggest that a cocktail of these IgG3 antibodies could have a potent clinical effect against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants where vaccines do not provide optimal protection,” says Arman Izadi, first author of the study and PhD student in Pontus Nordenfelt’s research group and doctor (MD) at Skåne University Hospital in Lund.

The monoclonal antibodies the researchers designed can also bind to several sites on the same spike protein. This improves the possibility of protection, say the researchers:

“The strong effect we see with our cocktails is probably explained by the fact that there are more antibodies in different places of the spike protein that “wave” to immune cells and show where the virus is. Interestingly, this effect was greatest and most pronounced with IgG3 cocktails and not with a cocktail of the original IgG1s. This speaks even more to the fact that IgG3-modified antibodies are promising for treatment,” says Arman Izadi.

The researchers have access to many antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, of which eight are of the IgG3 type. The next step in the research is to investigate whether these bind to and protect against the latest virus variants.

“This way of designing the antibodies to enhance their signaling ability opens new ways to treat SARS-CoV-2 infections. We already have promising data, and should this work as we think, an antibody can be developed to protect against all variants of SARS-CoV-2. Even future variants of the virus,” says Pontus Nordenfelt.

Reference: “Subclass-switched anti-spike IgG3 oligoclonal cocktails strongly enhance Fc-mediated opsonization” by Arman Izadi, Arsema Hailu, Magdalena Godzwon, Sebastian Wrighton, Berit Olofsson, Tobias Schmidt, Anna Söderlund-Strand, Elizabeth Elder, Sofia Appelberg, Maria Valsjö, Olivia Larsson, Vidar Wendel-Hansen, Mats Ohlin, Wael Bahnan and Pontus Nordenfelt, 3 April 2023, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2217590120

Pontus Nordenfelt, Wael Bahnan, and Arman Izadi have applied for a patent concerning the modified antibodies described in the article through the company Tanea Medical AB.

The study was financed by Vetenskapsrådet, Crafoord Foundation, Royal Physiographic Society, Alfred Österlund Foundation, Knut and Alice Wallenbergs Foundations and Tanea Medical Ab.
 

Heliobas Disciple

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There Is No Such Thing As Long COVID! SARS-CoV-2 Exposure Causes Persistent Infections Along With Continuous Presence Of Short Viral RNAs (svRNAs)!

Thailand Medical News
May 13, 2023

When Thailand Medical News sounded the alarms about SARS-CoV-2 viral persistence as early as mid-2020, we were ridiculed by so called experts from Europe particularly British, French, German and Swiss individuals. Ironically some of these very same “bastards” are today presenting themselves as “experts” about SARS-CoV-2 persistence and some even developing their own medical news sites to talk about it or are actively talking about it on twitter and being followed by other European garbage that forever think that they are far more intellectually superior! It’s a little wonder that the Europe is in a mess today and will continue to be so. Europe has also been suffering more from the impacts of COVID-19 with more COVID-19 deaths and also excess deaths and hopefully that trend will not only continue but also rise.

We had been also been stating that the term Long COVID is actually misleading and in reality, there is no such thing as Long COVID. Rather what we are dealing with is chronic viral persistence as the virus can hide in various ‘compartments’ of the human body and in some cases go into a ‘semi-dormant state.’


In fact, no one really recovers from SARS-CoV-2 exposure and future studies will reveal that SARS-CoV-2 viral persistence exists in all who have been in contact with the virus!

The SARS-CoV-2 virus is constantly evolving to evade all kinds of immunity and is also becoming more professed at disarming human immune response to aid its viral persistence.


While health authorities and called ‘experts’ keep on harping that the newer SARSCov-2 sub-lineages are more milder and causing lesser disease severity upon initial infection, this is a stupid assumption that we are out of any dangers.


Cumulative evidence shows that the SARS-CoV-2 virus is able to cause disruptions or damages to more than 1500 different human host cellular pathways, genes, critical proteases, including various cells and tissues!




(please note that we have omitted out a long list of studies but will cover it in separate coming COVID-19 News

article to elaborate on this as there are more than 2000 studies to support this claim that SARS-CoV-2 causes the impairment, damage, disruption or dysregulation of more than 1500 human host cellular pathways, genes, critical proteases, cells and tissues etc!)

Continued presence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus as a result of viral persistence is what is causing the various symptoms and manifestations seen in so called “Long COVID.”





Numerous studies have already validated that SARS-CoV-2 virial persistence is more wide spread that thought with the virus able to hide in various parts of the body for extended periods of time ie the gut, the testis, the brain etc.






Current diagnostics and protocols used since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic to ascertain COVID-19 recovery is total misleading and garbage. Nasal or mouth swabs are not the ways to determine COVID-19 recovery let alone viral clearance.


A latest article published in The Lancet by Canadians researchers also highlights similar warnings that we have been stating for along time now…Long COVID is basically caused by viral persistence.


However, we at Thailand Medical News are also warning that Long COVID manifestations and symptoms are also not just due to viral persistence but that certain viral peptides produced by the SARS-CoV-2 virus during replication also play a role in pathogenesis and is able to cause impairments and damage to the human host. Some of these peptides are also able to replicate in the host by hijacking the host cell replication machinery and continuous presence of these viral peptides can cause serious health and medical issues to the host.


German researchers and scientist from John Hopkins had also discovered that the SARS-CoV-2 virus is able to produce that short viral RNAs (svRNAs) that play a role in pathogenesis.


Another study by NEW York scientist showed that even defective viral genomes played a role in pathogenesis.


Studies have also shown that vesicles containing the SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins only also contribute to the manifestations seen in so called Long COVID. This also has implications for the mRNA shots being contributory factors for persistence of viral peptides in the humans that play a role in pathogenesis.


In fact, studies show that these mRNA shots actually help to contribute to viral persistence!


While we at Thailand Medical News have since March 2023 already completed a number of studies with the help of researchers from China, Brazil, Japan and Cuba and developed our own series of treatment protocols with the help of AI to correlate with various diagnostic and blood parameters as to how to deal with viral persistence in various compartments of the human host, we will not be sharing these details publicly due to the attitudes of many of the British and European individuals and also due to groups like the FLCCC and other Western ‘experts’ etc that like ‘stealing’ other people’s discoveries etc. Rather we are at the moment only sharing these with only certain high value individuals from the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, China, Qatar and UAE who have signed NDAs with us. These protocols are also not available in Thailand due to a past issue we had with a certain Thai monk with close ties with the NECSI and members of the WHN. the locals can rely on the local Thai doctors that claim to know about Long COVID.

Readers should beware that any ‘experts’ that claim the Long COVID is due to a particular reason or factor or that a single particular therapeutic agent can treat Long COVID are basically frauds!

Viral persistence along with the damage caused the virus is very complicated and varies from person to person and requires a personalized medicine approach coupled with lots of diagnostics, medical imaging and also blood works and the assistance of AI. As we had said earlier, the SARS-CoV-2 virus is able to impair, disrupt, dysregulate and damage more than 1500 cellular pathways, genes, proteases etc!

In the meanwhile, we still stand by our predictions that exposure to the SARS-CoV-2 cause shortened lifespans for many!


 

Heliobas Disciple

TB Fanatic
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Powerful Cocktail of Modified Antibodies Supercharges the Immune System Against COVID-19
By Lund University
May 12, 2023

Lund University researchers have modified opsonizing monoclonal antibodies to improve the immune response against SARS-CoV-2. By switching to a more potent IgG3 backbone, the antibodies can better tag the virus for elimination by immune cells and protect against variants where vaccines may not be optimal.

Is it possible to improve the antibodies that the body produces to fight SARS-CoV2? In a study led by researchers from Lund University in Sweden, this was investigated by redesigning antibodies and combining them against the virus. The modified antibodies have been tested in human cells and with mice.


Many antibodies used to treat covid infection during the pandemic have been so-called neutralizing antibodies that prevent the virus from infecting the cell. But as the virus has mutated, the ability of these antibodies to bind to the virus has been lost, and thus also their protective effect. In this study, the researchers focused instead on antibodies that can tag the virus to be eliminated by the immune systems patrolling immune cells, a process called opsonization (see fact box).

“There is often talk about wanting to neutralize viruses by preventing them from binding to the body’s cells. It can work well, but we also want to trigger the immune system’s ability to remove the virus, which can be done through opsonizing antibodies that mark the virus so it can be eliminated,” explains Pontus Nordenfelt, associate professor and researcher in infectious medicine at Lund University. He led the study, which was published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS).

During opsonization, foreign materials in the body which can be dangerous, such as bacteria and viruses, are marked so the immune system can remove them. Antibodies are one of the most important of the so-called opsonins in the body, and once they have bound to the foreign particle, the white blood cells will eliminate the “threat” the antibodies have marked.

Monoclonal antibodies come from a single clone and are grown in the laboratory in cells for treatment or diagnostics for various diseases. In the current study, the researchers have modified eight such opsonizing monoclonal antibodies by replacing the parts that signal the immune system to respond. Then it was investigated whether different combinations of the antibodies could improve their function. When the researchers switched the backbone of the Y-shaped antibody of one of the most common IgG antibodies in the blood, IgG1, to the backbone of a theoretically more potent antibody, IgG3, they saw a much stronger immune response. The studies were carried out in human cells and with mice.

“Our preclinical results with human immune cells from donors suggest that a cocktail of these IgG3 antibodies could have a potent clinical effect against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants where vaccines do not provide optimal protection,” says Arman Izadi, first author of the study and PhD student in Pontus Nordenfelt’s research group and doctor (MD) at Skåne University Hospital in Lund.

The monoclonal antibodies the researchers designed can also bind to several sites on the same spike protein. This improves the possibility of protection, say the researchers:

“The strong effect we see with our cocktails is probably explained by the fact that there are more antibodies in different places of the spike protein that “wave” to immune cells and show where the virus is. Interestingly, this effect was greatest and most pronounced with IgG3 cocktails and not with a cocktail of the original IgG1s. This speaks even more to the fact that IgG3-modified antibodies are promising for treatment,” says Arman Izadi.

The researchers have access to many antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, of which eight are of the IgG3 type. The next step in the research is to investigate whether these bind to and protect against the latest virus variants.

“This way of designing the antibodies to enhance their signaling ability opens new ways to treat SARS-CoV-2 infections. We already have promising data, and should this work as we think, an antibody can be developed to protect against all variants of SARS-CoV-2. Even future variants of the virus,” says Pontus Nordenfelt.

Reference: “Subclass-switched anti-spike IgG3 oligoclonal cocktails strongly enhance Fc-mediated opsonization” by Arman Izadi, Arsema Hailu, Magdalena Godzwon, Sebastian Wrighton, Berit Olofsson, Tobias Schmidt, Anna Söderlund-Strand, Elizabeth Elder, Sofia Appelberg, Maria Valsjö, Olivia Larsson, Vidar Wendel-Hansen, Mats Ohlin, Wael Bahnan and Pontus Nordenfelt, 3 April 2023, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2217590120

Pontus Nordenfelt, Wael Bahnan, and Arman Izadi have applied for a patent concerning the modified antibodies described in the article through the company Tanea Medical AB.

The study was financed by Vetenskapsrådet, Crafoord Foundation, Royal Physiographic Society, Alfred Österlund Foundation, Knut and Alice Wallenbergs Foundations and Tanea Medical Ab.
 

Heliobas Disciple

TB Fanatic
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The Social Virus: How Our Behaviors Can Spread Faster Than a Pandemic

By University of Pennsylvania
May 13, 2023

Researchers from the University of Pennsylvania and Queen’s University have developed a theoretical model that factors social dynamics into disease transmission, demonstrating that social norms around non-pharmaceutical interventions like masking during the COVID-19 pandemic create a “stickiness”, making individuals reluctant to change their behavior if it differs from the majority, which in turn significantly affects disease spread.

A model has been developed by researchers to analyze disease transmission, taking into account the influence of social dynamics, particularly the impact of social norms on masking and social distancing.

Hypersocial species, including humans, are profoundly swayed by the behaviors and actions of their peers. This was prominently observed during the COVID-19 pandemic; the extent to which people adhered to protective measures like mask-wearing and social distancing was greatly impacted by their location and company, thereby influencing the spread and prevalence of the disease.

In an effort to understand this influence further, a team of researchers from the University of Pennsylvania’s School of Arts & Science and Queen’s University in Canada have created a theoretical model for disease transmission. This model integrates the impact of social dynamics, particularly how social norms can shape non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) such as masking and social distancing.

The research, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of the Sciences, shows that social conformity creates a type of “stickiness” wherein individuals are reluctant to change their NPI usage if it differs from what others are doing.

“Generally, when there’s an infectious disease going around, rational actors are uncomfortable taking risks and will try to avoid getting sick, so naturally you’d think that they’d change their behaviors based on these concerns,” says Erol Akçay, associate professor of biology at Penn. “But it turns out populations, and by extension disease transmission rates, are equally, if not more, affected by social norms.”

The researchers aimed to better understand of how the prioritization of risk and social norms affects the adoption of NPIs during a pandemic.

To achieve this, they developed a model that considers the risk of infection, the cost of NPIs, and the social cost of deviating from NPI-usage norms. The model describes threshold dynamics in the number of individuals needed to support a behavioral change, which creates “tipping points” in the adoption of NPI behaviors where a small change in the disease prevalence can cause a significant shift in population behavior.

“Our model found that small changes in certain factors like the effectiveness of NPIs, transmission rate, and costs of interventions can lead to large changes in the rate of disease spread, or attack rate,” Akçay says.

He explains that this is in part due to people being conformist and therefore slow to adopt new behaviors such as mask-wearing, until the disease reaches levels so high that the risk perception overrides conformity, when the population tips over. Conformism works the other way, too; the new behavior persists longer in the population than it would if people cared only about their individual risks and costs. This creates distinct infection and NPI behavior waves.

As variables such as the cost or effectiveness of the NPI behavior change, it can create more or fewer waves of change and lead to more or fewer people being infected at the end of the epidemic. The researchers found that the attack rate did not increase as smoothly as anticipated; rather, it had a more “sawtooth look” when graphed. These results highlight a complex relationship between social norms and disease spread.

“It increases and then decreases, over and over, and we noticed this trend in other parameters, even the transmission rate,” says first author Bryce Morsky, who started working on this project as a postdoctoral researcher in Akçay’s lab and is now an assistant professor at Florida State University.

The team, which also includes Felicia Magpantay and Troy Day from Queen’s University in Canada, explains that when they ran an epidemiological simulation with no NPI use at the start of the epidemic they had a predictably high attack rate, and eventually, individuals began NPI usage due to fears of infection risk.

The onset of NPI usage, however, comes much later when the parameters for the cost of deviating from social norms are set higher “because if nobody’s masking you don’t want to be the first person,” Akçay says.

“So, increasing this parameter leads to a delay in masking, which drives the first wave of the epidemic much higher than it would have been if individuals were reacting to their risk levels. On the other hand, when we ran the simulation with masking and the case numbers started going down, there was a reluctance to stop masking because nobody wanted to be the first person to stop masking, which we referred to as stickiness.”

Morsky explains that the model was initially motivated by some results from a previous study investigating social norms and their effects as it relates to reciprocity behavior, where conformist behavior can induce boom-and-bust cycles in cooperative communities. Here, conformist behavior makes epidemic waves inherently more distinct than they would have been otherwise, even in the absence of external factors such as seasonal variation in transmission rates.

Akçay says that information on these trends and social dynamics can be useful for policymakers weighing decisions about responding to human behavior. And the researchers want to investigate how the interplay of different populations and socioeconomic backgrounds affects the social behaviors of disease intervention.

Reference: “The impact of threshold decision mechanisms of collective behavior on disease spread” by Bryce Morsky, Felicia Magpantay, Troy Day and Erol Akçay, 1 May 2023, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2221479120

The study was supported by the One Society Network funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and the U.S.-Israel Binational Science Foundation.
 

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CoronaHeadsUp
@CoronaHeadsUp
8h

WHO: South-East Asia Covid cases up 223%, deaths up by 281%.
View: https://twitter.com/CoronaHeadsUp/status/1657852036497432576?s=20


The highest numbers of new 28-day
deaths were reported from the US (4680 new deaths; -36%), Brazil (1277 new deaths; +2%), the Russian Federation (955 new deaths; -3%), France (944 new deaths; +39%), and India (715 new deaths; +289%).
View: https://twitter.com/CoronaHeadsUp/status/1657852039022379009?s=20
 

Heliobas Disciple

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New Study Unveils Complexities of Long COVID
By Weill Cornell Medicine
May 13, 2023

The study, which was recently published in Nature Communications, examined electronic health records as a component of the National Institutes of Health’s RECOVER Initiative. This research aimed to gain a deeper understanding of lingering symptoms following a SARS-CoV-2 infection, commonly referred to as long COVID, across a wide range of diverse populations.

Headed by Dr. Rainu Kaushal, the chair of the Department of Population Health Sciences at Weill Cornell Medicine and physician-in-chief of population health sciences at New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, the study offers insights into the possible symptoms experienced after an acute COVID-19 infection and how the likelihood of these conditions may differ among various population groups in the United States.

“Long COVID is a new disease that is very complicated and quite difficult to characterize,” said Dr. Chengxi Zang, an instructor in population health sciences at Weill Cornell Medicine and lead author on the paper. “It affects multiple organs and presents a severe burden to society, making it urgent that we define this disease and determine how well that definition applies among different populations. This paper provides the basis for furthering research on long COVID.”

The team studied electronic health records from two clinical research networks that are part of the National Patient-Centered Clinical Research Network (PCORnet). One dataset, from the INSIGHT Clinical Research Network—which Dr. Kaushal leads—included data from 11 million New York-based patients, while the other came from the OneFlorida+ network, which included 16.8 million patients from Florida, Georgia, and Alabama.

The team identified a broad list of diagnoses that occurred more frequently in patients who had recently had COVID compared with non-infected individuals. The researchers also found more types of symptoms and a higher risk of long COVID in New York City than in Florida. Specific conditions found across the New York City and Florida populations included dementia, hair loss, sores in the stomach and small intestine, blood clots in the lung, chest pain, abnormal heartbeat, and fatigue.

“Our approach, which uses machine learning with electronic health records, provides a data-driven way to define long COVID and determine how generalizable our definition of the disease is,” Dr. Zang said. Comparing records across diverse populations in regions that experienced the COVID-19 pandemic differently highlighted how variable long COVID is for patients and emphasized the need for further investigation to improve the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.

Some of the differences between the results from the two populations might be explained by the fact that New York City had a more diverse patient population, endured one of the first waves of the pandemic and faced the lack of personal protective equipment such as masks, compared with Florida, Dr. Zang said.

The new study is related to previous work by Dr. Kaushal, who is also senior associate dean for clinical research and the Nanette Laitman Distinguished Professor of Population Health Sciences at Weill Cornell Medicine, and colleagues, that categorized different subtypes of long COVID.

“In this new research, we examined a broad list of potential long COVID conditions one by one,” said Dr. Fei Wang, associate professor of population health sciences and co-senior author of the study. “These findings can help us better recognize the broad involvement of multiple organ systems in long COVID, and design appropriate plans for patient management and treatment development.”

Reference: “Data-driven analysis to understand long COVID using electronic health records from the RECOVER initiative” by Chengxi Zang, Yongkang Zhang, Jie Xu, Jiang Bian, Dmitry Morozyuk, Edward J. Schenck, Dhruv Khullar, Anna S. Nordvig, Elizabeth A. Shenkman, Russell L. Rothman, Jason P. Block, Kristin Lyman, Mark G. Weiner, Thomas W. Carton, Fei Wang and Rainu Kaushal, 7 April 2023, Nature Communications.
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37653-z
 

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Mutation Mystery: Unraveling the Secret Behind COVID-19’s Rapid Spread
By RIKEN
May 14, 2023

Molecular modeling suggests structural consequences of an early protein mutation that promoted viral transmission.

RIKEN researchers discovered that an early mutation (D614G) in the SARS-CoV-2 virus may have contributed to its rapid spread by altering the spike protein’s shape, improving the virus’s ability to adapt to human hosts. The finding could help inform the development of next-generation vaccines and antiviral drugs.

The rapid spread of COVID-19 may have been partly due to changes in the structure of the SARS-CoV-2 virus wrought by an early mutation in its genome, a detailed analysis by RIKEN researchers suggests. The finding could help inform the development of next-generation vaccines and antiviral drugs.

Alpha, Delta, Omicron, and other variants of concern have been making news throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. But the most significant mutation may have occurred in the early days of the pandemic, and it might have enabled the virus to spread so rapidly.

Yuji Sugita of the RIKEN Center for Computational Science (R-CCS) and Hisham Dokainish, who was at R-CCS at the time of the study, investigated the effect of mutations on viral structure. They did this by simulating the atomic positions of molecules found in different forms of the virus’s important spike protein—a tool coronaviruses use to bind and enter human cells.

They found that the substitution of a single amino acid altered this protein’s shape, helping SARS-CoV-2 to adapt to human hosts. This finding demonstrates how even tiny mutations—swapping a single amino acid in this case—can greatly affect protein dynamics.

To understand why the mutation proved so advantageous to the virus, the pair ran detailed simulations of the protein’s structure and stability. Their analysis—done using the RIKEN Fugaku supercomputer, one of the fastest in the world—revealed how the mutation (known as D614G) breaks an ionic bond with a second subunit of the Spike protein. It also changes the shape of a nearby loop structure, which alters the orientation of the entire protein, locking it into a form that makes it easier for the virus to enter cells (Fig. 1).

“A single and local change in an interaction within the molecule caused by a single mutation could affect the global structure of the spike protein,” explains Sugita, who is additionally affiliated with the RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research. The resulting mutant proved better at replicating and transmitting between human hosts, and the D614Glineage quickly outcompeted its ancestral lineages and spread across the globe. It remains a fixture of every dominant variant that has followed.

Sugita’s team is now performing similar investigations of adaptive viral mutations that arose later in the course of the pandemic, including those found in the Omicron variant.

“Information obtained from our molecular dynamics simulations should help increase the opportunities for us to find effective drugs and other medicines,” he says.

Reference: “Structural effects of spike protein D614G mutation in SARS-CoV-2” by Hisham M. Dokainish and Yuji Sugita, 16 November 2022, Biophysical Journal.
DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.11.025
 

Heliobas Disciple

TB Fanatic
(fair use applies)


Disinfectant Disaster: Scientists Warn of Health Risks From Popular COVID Cleaners and Hand Sanitizers
By Green Science Policy Institute
May 14, 2023

The overuse of antimicrobial chemicals known as quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) during the COVID-19 pandemic has been linked to health issues, antimicrobial resistance, and environmental harm, according to scientists. They recommend reducing unnecessary use, cleaning with soap and water, and requiring full disclosure of QACs in all products.

The COVID-19 pandemic has boosted the unnecessary use of antimicrobial chemicals linked to health problems, antimicrobial resistance, and environmental harm, warn more than two dozen scientists in the peer-reviewed journal Environmental Science & Technology. Their critical review details how quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are increasingly marketed and used in home, healthcare, education, and workplace settings despite the availability of safer alternatives and in some cases limited evidence of reduced disease transmission.

“Disinfectant wipes containing QACs are often used on children’s school desks, hospital exam tables, and in homes where they remain on these surfaces and in the air,” said Courtney Carignan, a co-author and assistant professor at Michigan State University. “Our review of the science suggests disinfecting with these chemicals in many cases is unhelpful or even harmful. We recommend regular cleaning with soap and water and disinfecting only as needed with safer products.”

Human studies have found associations between QACs and asthma, dermatitis, and inflammation. Laboratory animal studies also raise concerns about potential links to infertility, birth defects, and more. Further, there has been evidence dating back to the 1950s that QACs contribute to antimicrobial resistance, making certain bacteria species resistant both to QACs themselves and to critical antibiotics.

“It’s ironic that the chemicals we’re deploying in vain for one health crisis are actually fueling another,” said Erica Hartmann, a co-author and professor at Northwestern University. “Antimicrobial resistance was already contributing to millions of deaths per year before the pandemic. Overzealous disinfection, especially with products containing QACs, threaten to make it worse.”

QACs are increasingly used in disinfectant solutions, wipes, hand sanitizers, sprays, and foggers, and are also being incorporated into personal care products, textiles, paints, medical instruments, and more. Since the pandemic, levels of these chemicals in the environment and our bodies have increased in parallel.

One of the most common QACs is benzalkonium chloride, but others can be identified on ingredient labels with names that end in “ammonium chloride” or similar. However, disclosure and regulation of QACs varies widely. For example, pesticide labels are required to list QACs but paint labels are not. Most QACs are not regulated at all, nor are they comprehensively screened for health hazards.

The scientists recommend eliminating uses of QACs that are either unnecessary or where their effectiveness has not been demonstrated. For example, disinfection with QACs often has no benefit over cleaning with plain soap and water. Other recommendations include requiring full disclosure of QACs in all products and closely monitoring their levels in people and the environment.

“Drastically reducing many uses of QACs won’t spread COVID-19,” said Carol Kwiatkowski, a co-author and scientist at the Green Science Policy Institute. “In fact, it will make our homes, classrooms, offices, and other shared spaces healthier.”

Reference: “Quaternary Ammonium Compounds: A Chemical Class of Emerging Concern” by William A. Arnold, Arlene Blum, Jennifer Branyan, Thomas A. Bruton, Courtney C. Carignan, Gino Cortopassi, Sandipan Datta, Jamie DeWitt, Anne-Cooper Doherty, Rolf U. Halden, Homero Harari, Erica M. Hartmann, Terry C. Hrubec, Shoba Iyer, Carol F. Kwiatkowski*, Jonas LaPier, Dingsheng Li, Li Li, Jorge G. Muñiz Ortiz, Amina Salamova, Ted Schettler, Ryan P. Seguin, Anna Soehl, Rebecca Sutton, Libin Xu and Guomao Zheng, 8 May 2023, Environmental Science & Technology.
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c08244
 

Heliobas Disciple

TB Fanatic
(fair use applies)


Alone and Exhausted: The Unexpected Energy Toll of Social Isolation
By University of Vienna
May 14, 2023

A lack of social contact for eight hours can result in a decrease in energy levels comparable to going without food for eight hours.

Research carried out both in a laboratory setting and during the COVID-19 quarantine periods found that individuals experienced increased fatigue after eight hours of social isolation. This suggests that feelings of low energy could be an inherent human reaction to a lack of social interaction. The research, undertaken at the University of Vienna and published in Psychological Science, also demonstrated that this reaction was influenced by the social personality traits of the individuals involved.

Just as prolonged periods without food trigger a series of biological reactions that result in the sensation of hunger, our nature as social beings dictates that we also require the company of others for our survival. Evidence indicates that an absence of social interaction can provoke a craving response in our brains similar to hunger, driving us to seek out social connection again. This idea is supported by the “social homeostasis” theory, which proposes that there is a specialized homeostatic system in place to independently regulate our need for social interaction. Despite this, our understanding of the psychological reactions to social isolation remains limited. Furthermore, it’s unclear how these insights apply to the everyday social isolation we encounter, especially in the unique context of the COVID-19 quarantine periods.

A group of scientists led by Giorgia Silani from the University of Vienna investigated the effects of social isolation using comparable methodology across two contexts: in the laboratory and at home during the COVID-19 lockdown. For the study, 30 female volunteers came into the lab on three separate days, spending eight hours without social contact or without food, or with both social contact and food. Multiple times throughout the day, they indicated their stress, mood, and fatigue, while physiological stress responses, such as heart rate and cortisol, were recorded by the scientists. In order to validate the results of the laboratory study, the results were compared with measurements from a study conducted during the lockdown in Austria and Italy in the spring of 2020. In this study, they used data from 87 participants who had spent at least an eight-hour period in isolation and whose stress and behavioral effects were assessed with the same measurements several times a day for seven days.

“In the lab study, we found striking similarities between social isolation and food deprivation. Both states induced lowered energy and heightened fatigue, which is surprising given that food deprivation literally makes us lose energy, while social isolation would not”, first authors Ana Stijovic and Paul Forbes said. This result is further supported by the validation with data obtained during the lockdowns – participants who lived alone during the lockdown and who were generally more sociable also reported lower energy on days on which they were isolated, compared to days on which they had social interactions.

The authors propose that lowered energy may be a part of our homeostatic response to a lack of social contact and a potential precursor of some more detrimental effects of long-term social isolation. “It is well-known that long-term loneliness and fatigue are related, but we know little about the immediate mechanisms that underlie this link. The fact that we see this effect even after a short period of social isolation suggests that low energy could be a ‘social homeostatic’ adaptive response, which in the long run can become maladaptive”, explains Silani.

The study also found that contextual and personality factors modulated the effect of social isolation on fatigue; therefore, future studies will need to identify individuals who are most at risk from the effects of isolation.

Reference: “Homeostatic Regulation of Energetic Arousal During Acute Social Isolation: Evidence From the Lab and the Field” by Ana Stijovic, Paul A. G. Forbes, Livia Tomova, Nadine Skoluda, Anja C. Feneberg, Giulio Piperno, Ekaterina Pronizius, Urs M. Nater, Claus Lamm, and Giorgia Silani, 28 March 2023, Psychological Science.
DOI: 10.1177/09567976231156413
 

Heliobas Disciple

TB Fanatic
(fair use applies)


Scientists Warn That SARS-CoV-2 Spike Exhibits Extreme Plasticity And Will Continue To Adopt Shape-Shifting Strategies For Immunity Escape.
Thailand Medical News
May 15, 2023

While some ‘experts’ have recently said that there is only up to a certain level to which the SARS-CoV-2 virus can evolve for immune escape and even for viral fitness, a latest study by scientist from Janssen Pharmaceuticals has revealed that the spike proteins of the SARS-CoV-2 virus exhibits extreme plasticity and is able to adopt a variety of never-ending shape-shifting strategies for immunity escape. The study findings have serious implications in terms of all the strategies that have been proposed with regards to ending the COVID-19 crisis including herd immunity, hybrid immunity and the current vaccine strategies etc.

The world has been grappling with the SARS-CoV-2 virus for several years now. This tenacious virus, the cause of COVID-19, continues to evolve and spread globally, posing a significant challenge to our collective health and wellbeing.

To better understand and combat this virus, researchers focused on its 'spike' protein. This protein, much like a key, allows the virus to unlock and invade our cells, causing infection. All currently approved vaccines target this 'spike' because it triggers our immune system to produce neutralizing antibodies, which can prevent the virus from infecting our cells.

However, SARS-CoV-2 has a cunning trick up its sleeve. It's capable of changing, or 'reshaping,' its spike protein, which can potentially render some of our current vaccines and immune therapies less effective.

The study team from Janssen Pharmaceuticals delved into spike proteins of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and explored how it manages to elude our immune defenses by reshaping its spike protein, with a focus on two specific virus isolates from Brazil and Peru.

SARS-CoV-2 has a component called the N-terminal domain (NTD) in its spike protein. It's an important region that our immune system recognizes and targets. However, researchers have noticed something unusual in the Brazilian and Peruvian isolates. These isolates possess unusually large deletions (missing parts) in the NTD. This remodeling of the NTD interferes with the binding of NTD-specific antibodies, which are crucial in neutralizing the virus.

Furthermore, one of the isolates exhibited a unique escape mechanism involving a shift in the spike protein's cleavage site, a spot where the protein is cut during its formation. This shift leads to a significant structural change, resulting in the loss of a disulfide-bridge, an important link in the protein structure.

Although these specific changes are rare, they have independently appeared in several other viral strains, suggesting that this might be a strategy the virus could utilize more broadly in the future. It highlights the remarkable adaptability or 'plasticity' of the virus, which could pave the way for it to evade our immune system as it continues spawn newer sub-lineages and spread.

The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 is a complex structure. It's made up of different subunits and domains, each with a specific role in the virus's life cycle. Among these, the NTD has been identified as an 'immunodominant' domain. This means it's a prime target for our immune system and can bind to antibodies with high neutralizing and protective potential. Despite this, the exac t function of NTD and how it aids the virus remains unclear.

The Brazilian and Peruvian isolates, despite the significant deletions in the NTD, showed surprising resilience. The spike proteins in these isolates maintained their overall fold and function, including their ability to bind to human cells. However, the structural changes in the NTD led to a complete loss of antibody binding to the NTD supersite, a region considered vital for immune recognition.

The virus's ability to reshape its spike protein is not limited to these deletions. It can also modify its NTD supersite by shifting its signal peptide cleavage site, a process enabled by certain mutations. This strategy further underscores the virus's cunning ability to escape our immune response.

These mutations, along with the deletions, have been found in different geographical locations and various lineages of the virus. In fact, one such variant, B.1.640.2, recently emerged in Southern France, while another sub-lineage, BA.2.3.21, is spreading globally, initially seen in the Philippines and the United States, and now also present in Australia and several Southeast Asian countries.

Over the past few years, the NTD domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein has been a hotspot for changes, specifically deletions. Interestingly, these deletions aren't random. They appear to cluster around specific sites in the NTD, suggesting some sort of strategic advantage for the virus.

The ability to delete portions of the NTD, combined with the ability to reshape the remaining portions, allows the virus to remodel its 'identity' - the NTD supersite. This remodeling essentially gives the virus a 'new face,' making it harder for our immune system to recognize and target it.

This sneaky strategy of reshaping the spike protein has evolved independently in multiple branches of the virus's family tree. This suggests that such a strategy could be a recurring theme in future variants of concern. Furthermore, the variability in the NTD's structure could play a role in optimizing the virus's function, increasing its ability to evade our immune system, and adapting to new hosts.

Indeed, this seems to be the case with the Omicron variant and its newer sub-lineages and recombinant variants and their sub-lineages, which shows signs of significant immune evasion as reported by various studies and COVID-19 News coverages.

It's plausible that future variants might use similar strategies, such as large deletions in the NTD and the reshaping of the spike protein. These changes are already evident in some of the later Delta and Omicron variants, which have become globally dominant.

The study findings concluded that the SARS-CoV-2 virus is a shapeshifter, continuously evolving to ensure its survival. Its plasticity is a testament to the tenacity of life, even at its most microscopic. As we continue to battle this pandemic, understanding these shifting strategies will be key in developing effective countermeasures and ultimately overcoming this global health challenge.

The study findings were published in the peer reviewed journal: PLOS Pathogens.

 

Heliobas Disciple

TB Fanatic
(fair use applies)


CDC, Urged to "Do Something", Calls for Useless Building Ventilation Upgrades
HVAC industry to make windfall profits, thanks to the CDC

Igor Chudov
May 14, 2023

Since the “Covid pandemic” started over three years ago, humanity has been beset with the “we need to do something” syndrome. That syndrome surfaces when public servants see “doing nothing” as risky for their careers. Therefore, they enact measures that appear beneficial without first ascertaining that they would accomplish anything.

Such measures to stop the transmission of COVID-19 included:
  • Restricting international travel
  • Face coverings
  • Isolation and lockdowns
  • Unproven experimental vaccines
All of the above measures had one thing in common: they were adopted without proof that they would stop the transmission of COVID-19. Another thing they had in common was that they did not work.

The people begging for the measures to be enacted often displayed magical thinking, expecting their favored measure to work like magic sticks, whereas, at most, they would only slightly slow down the inevitable.

A new trend is now emerging: “improved building ventilation.” The CDC adopted this approach several days ago and called to upgrade the ventilation systems of existing buildings.



While studying in college long ago, I specialized in “liquid and gas mechanics.” I did some gas flow modeling, including simulating the process of ballistic warheads re-entering the atmosphere. Not exactly close, but it does not have to be: visualizing air flows is something most of us can do intuitively.

(If you are feeling especially science-minded, you can get some “smoke sticks” and follow smoke flowing around your house, which is how HVAC professionals evaluate filtering systems.)

The calls for “improved ventilation” are supported by the HVAC industry, which is slated for a windfall if upgrades to existing buildings are required. Just imagine the demand for HVAC projects skyrocketing for a few years as extensive upgrades to the ventilation systems of existing buildings will be carried out.

Asking the HVAC association if we need HVAC upgrades is like asking a barber if we need a haircut, but I digress.

The CDC supports ASHRAE (HVAC association) call for upgrades to ventilation:

Some of the following interventions are based on COVID-19 Technical Resources published by ASHRAE (a professional organization formerly known as the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air Conditioning Engineers).

Air Filters Are Like Face Masks - For Entire Buildings!

There are many problems with the hope of stopping the “transmission of Covid-19” via air filters. The issues with air filtering mirror problems with face masks:
  • Covid-19 infects eyes and spreads through touch
  • The filters are not fine enough to capture small aerosols and viral particles
  • Air flows around face masks and air filters (room-to-room lateral flow)
This is an illustration of the expectations vs. reality of air filtering (my additions in blue):



In buildings, air travels in all sorts of ways, just as the air flows around a poorly fitted mask.

Air Circulation May Spread Pathogens​

It is well known that air circulation systems may spread pathogens instead of containing them:




Air Filters Cannot Capture All Viral Particles

CDC recommends MERV-13 filters.

Updated the minimum filter recommendation to Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value (MERV) 13.
The small respiratory droplets containing infection viruses can be under 1 micrometer. You only need one droplet to get infected!

Furthermore, the size distribution of coughed droplets of different ages and gender was investigated to identify the effects of age and gender on droplet size distribution. Results indicated the total average size distribution of the droplet nuclei was 0.58-5.42 microm, and 82% of droplet nuclei centered in 0.74-2.12 microm.
MERV-13 filters can capture a little over half of those.



Filtration can worsen the spread!

Let’s say that Sam, sick with Covid-19, is in room A. At the same time, Heather, who is healthy, is in room B.

If Sam coughs and produces tiny aerosol particles, they would be unlikely to reach Heather without ventilation. However, if there is a central HVAC system, it would distribute Sam’s droplets, capture half of them, and deliver the rest to Heather, possibly infecting her.

This applies to larger buildings and school classes, for example. A student in one class, who is sick, can cough up aerosols, which will be rapidly delivered to other classes via intensive air circulation systems.

Conclusion

All of the above is well known to science, and anyone with a basic understanding of air flows and filtering can figure out that increased circulation cannot stop the transmission of COVID-19. However, the CDC forgot all that science in its urge to “do something.”

The result of the filtration campaign will be immense profits for HVAC retrofitting companies, accompanied by fake science worship, virtue signaling, blaming people whose homes are not retrofitted, magical thinking, and hysterics.

The air circulation proponents are good individuals. While I dislike most COVID vaccine advocates, the air circulation people are likable, self-starting, compassionate do-it-yourselfers. And yet, I believe they are factually wrong when they expect to stop transmission of Covid-19 via increased air circulation through leaky filters.

Look at the picture of these women. They are good persons!



They are trying their best to do something good for mankind. And yet, their facemasks are useless for preventing COVID, and the airbox sloshing the air around would also do no good to inhabitants of whatever quarters it is put in.

What do you think?
 

Zoner

Veteran Member

IgG4 Antibody Class Switch: End Of The Line​

Tired of COVID? So is your immune system: innate, adaptive and complement are all out to lunch, and you're on your own.​


Adam Gaertner
Jan 27, 2023
∙ Paid


Over the last few weeks, anybody scientifically inclined has been abuzz about the IgG4 class switch that has been observed post-vaccination. I think it’s safe to say this caught absolutely everybody by surprise: neither the mainstream liars nor the resistance seem to have seen this one coming. While there are a lot of brilliant scientists that have accurately predicted a lot of what we would see over time, I can’t think of a single one that saw this particular disaster coming. Please correct me if I’m mistaken, because they deserve some applause.
With that said - it is a disaster. I’ve been reluctant to join the chorus of doomsayers without gaining a crystal clear understanding of the mechanisms and the implications; having now done so, the only thing left to do is to share what I’ve learned with you, and hope that between us, we might be able to reach a few of these people before it’s too late.
If you took a COVID-19 vaccine, you need to read this. Myself, and many others, have been trying to save you from your own arrogant, self-righteous selves for years at this point.

Last chance.

If you’re here for the hard science, feel free to skip ahead to the “long” version. It’s essentially the same content, but much more technical, detailed, accurate, and thoroughly cited.

The short version




CD8 chose violence. (CD8 killer T-cell lysing a cancer cell.)
Immune reactions are violent, corrosive, and damaging to the body. This is by design; just as an army goes to war, the immune system physically fights invading pathogens, and the weapons it uses cause collateral damage. Sometimes, they cause a lot: immune overreaction is a hallmark of SARS-CoV-2, and among the primary causes of mortality for severe COVID. This is why we suffer inflammation: just as your skin will become inflamed if you spill acid on it, so too will your blood vessels and organs, as your immune system pours acid on them. Usually, that’s a good thing: infected cells often (although not always) need to be destroyed, and our immune systems are all too happy to oblige.

Of course, your immune system does not actually know whether any given foreign body warrants battle stations. This is among the reasons ordinary vaccines are injected alongside toxic adjuvants; they cause a bit of local mayhem to make sure your body knows that this is a bad one and you need to fight it. You may or may not be aware that the mRNA vaccines do not come with adjuvants. I suppose they figured that the spike alone is toxic enough - does it really need any? Partially due to that absence of adjuvants, it appears that the immune systems of people vaccinated with mRNA are deciding that the virus actually isn’t worth fighting at all.

When the body is repeatedly exposed to a harmless foreign body, such as pollen, dendritic cells make a judgment call, and they begin producing IgG4 antibodies*. These are effectively sleep signals: upon encountering the foreign body, the antibody binds to it, any immune cell it encounters will be instructed to leave it alone, and they oblige; these are not the droids you are looking for.

*I know. Skip to the hard science if you don’t want the simplified version.



That’s great for preventing the extensive, unnecessary damage that would occur if you were to be constantly fighting harmless, non-replicating foreign bodies. However, SARS-CoV-2 is emphatically not that: the spike alone is incredibly damaging, proteins produced by the virus cause a lesser level of inflammation in their own right, and uncontrolled replication of almost any pathogen inevitably leads to organ failure and death due to cell damage and dysfunction alone.

To borrow, and extend, a brilliant analogy from Igor Chudov , who said it best: consider a home invasion. The virus is a burglar, and that burglar is coming to take your stuff. Thus far, nobody has been home, but the alarms have still been working; the original antigenic sin caused by outdated mRNA has thus far precluded a fully effective antibody response, but the alarm is still on, and the cops are going to show up eventually. Their diseases have been more severe and lasted longer, but they've still been, for the vast majority, generally able to survive. That's about to change.


The situation we now find ourselves in is much worse. Not only is nobody home anymore, but the cops are standing by the door, guarding the burglars. IgG4 antibodies act to suppress the innate immune system as well as the adaptive: they bind to FcγRIIB complexes on cell surfaces that variously deactivate and destroy immune responses and cells, they bind to the virions themselves, they bind to CD4 T-cells and dendritic cells, and and they even bind to the signal cascade transducers of the complement immune system; everywhere they go, the message is loud and clear. Nothing to see here. Please disperse.

I had hoped that at least elements of the innate immune system would be spared. No dice. With even complement being shut down, vaccinees are in for a world of hurt. Consider the excess death statistics that have been steadily rising lately: while these are, thus far, very likely to have been attributable mostly to otherwise silent vaccine injuries, the next time the COVID numbers start rising, we should expect to see vaccinees dying in droves.

They likely, mostly, won’t be dying in hospital, either: with the immune response so dramatically blunted, the typical signs and symptoms of infection will likely be all but absent. It would actually be funny, if it weren’t so horrific: uncontrolled replication will lead to trillions of virions tearing unchallenged through the tissues, exposing the victim to a similar quantity of bioactive, toxic spike protein as is created by the mRNA shots. Blood clots, myocarditis, autoimmunity, prion diseases; everything that the shots can cause in the short term, so too will the virus; and the very first clue that they’re even infected may well be their sudden and unceremonious death, perhaps preceded by some general feeling of being unwell if they’re lucky.

As of time of writing, there is no known way to reverse this process. If you are producing IgG4 antibodies in response to the virus, you will likely continue to do so forever, until and unless we find a way to reverse it. Maybe a real vaccine would do it. However, there is still (a great deal of) hope for you: prophylaxis and treatment.

This is the part where you apologize to the people you laughed at for eating horse paste, by the way. Hopefully you’ve already done that. If not - get started. You were wrong. Very, very, lethally wrong, and kind of an asshole about it, too.

The full protocol, and the explanation, is at the bottom of this article. Ivermectin is part of it, but it’s gonna take more than that to save you at this point. You’re lucky anybody’s even still trying. We know what you would’ve done to us in 1943, you rascally little order-follower.

 

Tristan

Has No Life - Lives on TB
(fair use applies)


Scientists Warn That SARS-CoV-2 Spike Exhibits Extreme Plasticity And Will Continue To Adopt Shape-Shifting Strategies For Immunity Escape.
Thailand Medical News
May 15, 2023

While some ‘experts’ have recently said that there is only up to a certain level to which the SARS-CoV-2 virus can evolve for immune escape and even for viral fitness, a latest study by scientist from Janssen Pharmaceuticals has revealed that the spike proteins of the SARS-CoV-2 virus exhibits extreme plasticity and is able to adopt a variety of never-ending shape-shifting strategies for immunity escape. The study findings have serious implications in terms of all the strategies that have been proposed with regards to ending the COVID-19 crisis including herd immunity, hybrid immunity and the current vaccine strategies etc.

The world has been grappling with the SARS-CoV-2 virus for several years now. This tenacious virus, the cause of COVID-19, continues to evolve and spread globally, posing a significant challenge to our collective health and wellbeing.

To better understand and combat this virus, researchers focused on its 'spike' protein. This protein, much like a key, allows the virus to unlock and invade our cells, causing infection. All currently approved vaccines target this 'spike' because it triggers our immune system to produce neutralizing antibodies, which can prevent the virus from infecting our cells.

However, SARS-CoV-2 has a cunning trick up its sleeve. It's capable of changing, or 'reshaping,' its spike protein, which can potentially render some of our current vaccines and immune therapies less effective.

The study team from Janssen Pharmaceuticals delved into spike proteins of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and explored how it manages to elude our immune defenses by reshaping its spike protein, with a focus on two specific virus isolates from Brazil and Peru.

SARS-CoV-2 has a component called the N-terminal domain (NTD) in its spike protein. It's an important region that our immune system recognizes and targets. However, researchers have noticed something unusual in the Brazilian and Peruvian isolates. These isolates possess unusually large deletions (missing parts) in the NTD. This remodeling of the NTD interferes with the binding of NTD-specific antibodies, which are crucial in neutralizing the virus.

Furthermore, one of the isolates exhibited a unique escape mechanism involving a shift in the spike protein's cleavage site, a spot where the protein is cut during its formation. This shift leads to a significant structural change, resulting in the loss of a disulfide-bridge, an important link in the protein structure.

Although these specific changes are rare, they have independently appeared in several other viral strains, suggesting that this might be a strategy the virus could utilize more broadly in the future. It highlights the remarkable adaptability or 'plasticity' of the virus, which could pave the way for it to evade our immune system as it continues spawn newer sub-lineages and spread.

The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 is a complex structure. It's made up of different subunits and domains, each with a specific role in the virus's life cycle. Among these, the NTD has been identified as an 'immunodominant' domain. This means it's a prime target for our immune system and can bind to antibodies with high neutralizing and protective potential. Despite this, the exac t function of NTD and how it aids the virus remains unclear.

The Brazilian and Peruvian isolates, despite the significant deletions in the NTD, showed surprising resilience. The spike proteins in these isolates maintained their overall fold and function, including their ability to bind to human cells. However, the structural changes in the NTD led to a complete loss of antibody binding to the NTD supersite, a region considered vital for immune recognition.

The virus's ability to reshape its spike protein is not limited to these deletions. It can also modify its NTD supersite by shifting its signal peptide cleavage site, a process enabled by certain mutations. This strategy further underscores the virus's cunning ability to escape our immune response.

These mutations, along with the deletions, have been found in different geographical locations and various lineages of the virus. In fact, one such variant, B.1.640.2, recently emerged in Southern France, while another sub-lineage, BA.2.3.21, is spreading globally, initially seen in the Philippines and the United States, and now also present in Australia and several Southeast Asian countries.

Over the past few years, the NTD domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein has been a hotspot for changes, specifically deletions. Interestingly, these deletions aren't random. They appear to cluster around specific sites in the NTD, suggesting some sort of strategic advantage for the virus.

The ability to delete portions of the NTD, combined with the ability to reshape the remaining portions, allows the virus to remodel its 'identity' - the NTD supersite. This remodeling essentially gives the virus a 'new face,' making it harder for our immune system to recognize and target it.

This sneaky strategy of reshaping the spike protein has evolved independently in multiple branches of the virus's family tree. This suggests that such a strategy could be a recurring theme in future variants of concern. Furthermore, the variability in the NTD's structure could play a role in optimizing the virus's function, increasing its ability to evade our immune system, and adapting to new hosts.

Indeed, this seems to be the case with the Omicron variant and its newer sub-lineages and recombinant variants and their sub-lineages, which shows signs of significant immune evasion as reported by various studies and COVID-19 News coverages.

It's plausible that future variants might use similar strategies, such as large deletions in the NTD and the reshaping of the spike protein. These changes are already evident in some of the later Delta and Omicron variants, which have become globally dominant.

The study findings concluded that the SARS-CoV-2 virus is a shapeshifter, continuously evolving to ensure its survival. Its plasticity is a testament to the tenacity of life, even at its most microscopic. As we continue to battle this pandemic, understanding these shifting strategies will be key in developing effective countermeasures and ultimately overcoming this global health challenge.

The study findings were published in the peer reviewed journal: PLOS Pathogens.



Just as designed?
 

Heliobas Disciple

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IgG4 Antibody Class Switch: End Of The Line​

Tired of COVID? So is your immune system: innate, adaptive and complement are all out to lunch, and you're on your own.​


Adam Gaertner
Jan 27, 2023
∙ Paid


Over the last few weeks, anybody scientifically inclined has been abuzz about the IgG4 class switch that has been observed post-vaccination. I think it’s safe to say this caught absolutely everybody by surprise: neither the mainstream liars nor the resistance seem to have seen this one coming. While there are a lot of brilliant scientists that have accurately predicted a lot of what we would see over time, I can’t think of a single one that saw this particular disaster coming. Please correct me if I’m mistaken, because they deserve some applause.
With that said - it is a disaster. I’ve been reluctant to join the chorus of doomsayers without gaining a crystal clear understanding of the mechanisms and the implications; having now done so, the only thing left to do is to share what I’ve learned with you, and hope that between us, we might be able to reach a few of these people before it’s too late.
If you took a COVID-19 vaccine, you need to read this. Myself, and many others, have been trying to save you from your own arrogant, self-righteous selves for years at this point.

Last chance.

If you’re here for the hard science, feel free to skip ahead to the “long” version. It’s essentially the same content, but much more technical, detailed, accurate, and thoroughly cited.

The short version​



CD8 chose violence. (CD8 killer T-cell lysing a cancer cell.)
Immune reactions are violent, corrosive, and damaging to the body. This is by design; just as an army goes to war, the immune system physically fights invading pathogens, and the weapons it uses cause collateral damage. Sometimes, they cause a lot: immune overreaction is a hallmark of SARS-CoV-2, and among the primary causes of mortality for severe COVID. This is why we suffer inflammation: just as your skin will become inflamed if you spill acid on it, so too will your blood vessels and organs, as your immune system pours acid on them. Usually, that’s a good thing: infected cells often (although not always) need to be destroyed, and our immune systems are all too happy to oblige.

Of course, your immune system does not actually know whether any given foreign body warrants battle stations. This is among the reasons ordinary vaccines are injected alongside toxic adjuvants; they cause a bit of local mayhem to make sure your body knows that this is a bad one and you need to fight it. You may or may not be aware that the mRNA vaccines do not come with adjuvants. I suppose they figured that the spike alone is toxic enough - does it really need any? Partially due to that absence of adjuvants, it appears that the immune systems of people vaccinated with mRNA are deciding that the virus actually isn’t worth fighting at all.

When the body is repeatedly exposed to a harmless foreign body, such as pollen, dendritic cells make a judgment call, and they begin producing IgG4 antibodies*. These are effectively sleep signals: upon encountering the foreign body, the antibody binds to it, any immune cell it encounters will be instructed to leave it alone, and they oblige; these are not the droids you are looking for.

*I know. Skip to the hard science if you don’t want the simplified version.



That’s great for preventing the extensive, unnecessary damage that would occur if you were to be constantly fighting harmless, non-replicating foreign bodies. However, SARS-CoV-2 is emphatically not that: the spike alone is incredibly damaging, proteins produced by the virus cause a lesser level of inflammation in their own right, and uncontrolled replication of almost any pathogen inevitably leads to organ failure and death due to cell damage and dysfunction alone.

To borrow, and extend, a brilliant analogy from Igor Chudov , who said it best: consider a home invasion. The virus is a burglar, and that burglar is coming to take your stuff. Thus far, nobody has been home, but the alarms have still been working; the original antigenic sin caused by outdated mRNA has thus far precluded a fully effective antibody response, but the alarm is still on, and the cops are going to show up eventually. Their diseases have been more severe and lasted longer, but they've still been, for the vast majority, generally able to survive. That's about to change.


The situation we now find ourselves in is much worse. Not only is nobody home anymore, but the cops are standing by the door, guarding the burglars. IgG4 antibodies act to suppress the innate immune system as well as the adaptive: they bind to FcγRIIB complexes on cell surfaces that variously deactivate and destroy immune responses and cells, they bind to the virions themselves, they bind to CD4 T-cells and dendritic cells, and and they even bind to the signal cascade transducers of the complement immune system; everywhere they go, the message is loud and clear. Nothing to see here. Please disperse.

I had hoped that at least elements of the innate immune system would be spared. No dice. With even complement being shut down, vaccinees are in for a world of hurt. Consider the excess death statistics that have been steadily rising lately: while these are, thus far, very likely to have been attributable mostly to otherwise silent vaccine injuries, the next time the COVID numbers start rising, we should expect to see vaccinees dying in droves.

They likely, mostly, won’t be dying in hospital, either: with the immune response so dramatically blunted, the typical signs and symptoms of infection will likely be all but absent. It would actually be funny, if it weren’t so horrific: uncontrolled replication will lead to trillions of virions tearing unchallenged through the tissues, exposing the victim to a similar quantity of bioactive, toxic spike protein as is created by the mRNA shots. Blood clots, myocarditis, autoimmunity, prion diseases; everything that the shots can cause in the short term, so too will the virus; and the very first clue that they’re even infected may well be their sudden and unceremonious death, perhaps preceded by some general feeling of being unwell if they’re lucky.

As of time of writing, there is no known way to reverse this process. If you are producing IgG4 antibodies in response to the virus, you will likely continue to do so forever, until and unless we find a way to reverse it. Maybe a real vaccine would do it. However, there is still (a great deal of) hope for you: prophylaxis and treatment.

This is the part where you apologize to the people you laughed at for eating horse paste, by the way. Hopefully you’ve already done that. If not - get started. You were wrong. Very, very, lethally wrong, and kind of an asshole about it, too.

The full protocol, and the explanation, is at the bottom of this article. Ivermectin is part of it, but it’s gonna take more than that to save you at this point. You’re lucky anybody’s even still trying. We know what you would’ve done to us in 1943, you rascally little order-follower.


Thanks for posting this. Great explanation. There was a lot of discussion on this thread when the Ig4 studies came out.

See posts:

#66,473, #66,514 , #66,870, #66,882, #67,430, #67,442

HD
 

Heliobas Disciple

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View: https://twitter.com/KanekoaTheGreat/status/1657175672660566016



KanekoaTheGreat @KanekoaTheGreat
8:07 PM · May 12, 2023

Robert F. Kennedy Jr. details how the NSA was in charge of Operation Warspeed's COVID-19 mRNA vaccines, the history of the United States bioweapons program, and why Anthony Fauci is the highest-paid government official in history:

"The weird thing about the pandemic was this constant involvement by the CIA, the intelligence agencies, and the military. When Operation Warp Speed made its presentation to the FDA committee called VRBPAC. When Warp Speed turned over the organizational charts that were classified at the time, it shocked everybody because it wasn't HHS, CDC, NIH, FDA, or a public health agency. It was the NSA, a spy agency that was at the top and led Operation Warp Speed.

The vaccines were developed not by Moderna and Pfizer. They were developed by NIH, their own the patents are owned 50% by NIH. Nor were they manufactured by Pfizer, or by Moderna. They were manufactured by military contractors, and basically, Pfizer and Moderna were paid to put their stamps on those vaccines as if they came from the pharmaceutical industry. This was a military project from the beginning.

One of the things I uncovered in my book is 20 different simulations on coronavirus and pandemics. That started in 2001. The first one was right before the anthrax attacks and the CIA sponsored them all. The last one was Event 201 which was in October 2019. And one of the participants was Avril Haines, the former Deputy Director of the CIA, who has been managing coverups her whole life. She did the Guantanamo Bay and others. She is now the Director of National Intelligence which makes her the highest ranking officer at the NSA which managed the pandemic.

So you have a spy who is convening these pandemic simulations and in each of these simulations going back 20 years, they're not simulating a public health response. They're not doing things like how do we stockpile Vitamin D. How do we get people outdoors losing weight doing exercise? How do we develop an information grid for all the 15 million front line doctors all over the world so that we can get their information that works and what doesn't work. We had an incredible opportunity to manage a pandemic in a way that was intelligent and sensitive and devastating to the disease, but we didn't do any of those things.

It was all about how do you use a pandemic to clam down censorship. How you use it to force lockdowns. By the way, with lockdowns, every pandemic preparedness document that had been adopted by any major public health agencies, whether it was CDC, WHO, European Health Agency, National Health Services of Britain. All of them said you don't do lockdowns, you quarantine the sick, you protect the vulnerable. And you let everybody else go back to work because a lockdown actually amplifies the impacts of the disease. If you isolate people, it makes them more vulnerable, it breaks down their immune system."

VIDEO AT TWITTER LINK
capture.JPG

RFK JR BEING INTERVIEWED BY RUSSELL BRAND
18 min 36 sec
 

Heliobas Disciple

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People used to fight over getting a COVID-19 vaccine. Now millions of doses are getting tossed in the trash because no one's using them.
Grace Eliza Goodwin - Business Insider
Mon, May 15, 2023, 5:49 PM EDT
  • The Johnson & Johnson single-dose COVID-19 vaccine is no longer available in the US.
  • Over two years after it was first approved, the last batch of doses has been thrown out.
  • Americans once fought over vaccines, but still, nearly a third of doses produced went unused.

At the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, Americans were clamoring to get vaccinated as soon as they could.

But now, millions of doses of the Johnson & Johnson vaccine are getting tossed in the trash because no one's using them.

More than 2 years after Johnson & Johnson's vaccine was first approved by the FDA, it is now no longer available anywhere in the US, according to the CDC.

Over 31.5 million doses of the J&J vaccine have been distributed across the country since March 2021 — 19 million of which made it into Americans' arms, CNN reported.

The 12.5 million remaining doses — nearly a third of the total produced — expired on May 7, and the CDC has told all vaccine providers to get rid of them.

Though the J&J vaccine was the least popular of the three vaccines available in the US, its final demise is still a stark contrast to the early days of COVID-19 vaccination when rich people were gaming the system to get vaccinated before their turn.

During the height of the pandemic, young people also showed up at pharmacies just before closing time, hoping to snag soon-to-expire shots before they were trashed.

And even for those who followed the rules, wait times for vaccine appointments at the height of the public health crisis were often days — or even weeks.

The end of the J&J vaccine comes less than a week after the US Department of Health and Human Services officially ended the COVID-19 public health emergency as the Biden administration winds down its COVID-19 response. The World Health Organization recently said that COVID-19 is now a disease we'll need to learn to live with — though it warned that there's still a risk of a relapse with a new variant if countries slack off their preventative measures.
 

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Farewell Questions for Rochelle Walensky
By El Gato Malo
May 15, 2023

Given what we now know about the complete failure of covid vaccines to provide sterilizing immunity, stop infection, or stop spread as well as the fact that such issues were not even tested for in the drug trials that approved them, certain questions would seem to demand asking:

Just what was this “Data from the CDC today” that suggested that “Vaccinated people do not carry the virus?”


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Was there, in fact, any data at all?

Or was this a completely fabricated claim used to underpin the mass rollout of a product that failed so spectacularly right out of the gates and:

There seem to be an awfully large body of claims made by CDC that appear to have lacked foundation in fact or data. Both Dr Walensky and her predecessor Robert Redfield would seem to have a great deal to answer for here.

“The covid vaccine will make the vaccinated a dead end for the virus.

This talking point was simply everywhere all at once.

Pfizer CEO Albert Bourla certainly pushed this narrative. Presumably, the fact that he was allowed to do so (itself quite an exceptional situation) implies the acquiescence of FDA, CDC, and other regulators.

Upon what was this seemingly widespread consensus based?

The matter appears to have never even been studied at the time the claims were made.

Why were the usually strict and fastidious US regulators so sanguine about such unusually aggressive and certain statements?

This is a most unusual situation and such an extraordinary outcome would seem to demand an extraordinary explanation.

Yet none seems forthcoming.

“The mRNA and the spike protein do not last long in the body” constitutes another key early safety claim similarly rooted in opaque or absent evidence or perhaps simply assumed or invented. (before being quietly retracted later).

rotein do not last long in the body” was a key early safety claim similarly rooted in opaque or absent evidence or perhaps simply assumed or invented. (before being quietly retracted later).

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This claim also proved extravagantly incorrect.

Wherever one looks, it seems one finds that these grand claims of safety and efficacy were underpinned by a paucity or utter absence of supporting evidence.

Even the definitions themselves such as “Any positive for trace covid from a PCR test at a 40 Cycle Threshold is covid” or “No disease outcomes from vaccines are to be counted until 2 weeks after the second (or third) dose” which left a large window (4-6 weeks) during a period of known immune suppression from the jabs uncounted or even, in many cases, attributed to the unvaccinated in a manner that can make placebo look like high efficacy preventative are so unusual and inconsistent with past practice or sound science as to demand the most pointed of questions as to how such practices came to be and who the decision makers who put them in place were.

This series of unfounded claims and distortionary definitions seems both a poor and a deeply dangerous practice for Public Health.

If we are to have any hope of restoring faith in this field, we must ask and answer the pointed questions of “How did this happen?” and “At whose behest?”

Someone made these choices for some reason. Who and why would seem to be the bare minimum of post mortem here.

It is oft opined that a bad map is worse than no map at all and in this, I must wholeheartedly agree. The public health agencies in America have become the most calamitous of cartographers.

If we would seek to have the agents of public health act as something other than a marketing arm and apologist for the revolving door of Pharma with whom they seem to so regularly swap staff and sinecure then it must once more be turned to serve the public. It may do so only if it regains the public trust and such trust, once lost, may only be restored by asking the hard questions and diligently following the answers wherever so they may lead until we may understand what went wrong, hold the malefactors to account, and effect the means to prevent this from happening again.

Please make no mistake, if nothing is done and this is swept beneath some august Congressional rug or societal memory hole, it will happen again. And soon. This is not a choice I would have for America and one I do not believe you should countenance.

Public health runs on public trust.

I ask you to restore it.
 

Heliobas Disciple

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Long COVID: The Invisible Consequence of Socioeconomic Inequality

By University of Southampton
May 14, 2023

A recent study conducted by the Universities of Southampton and Oxford reveals a strong correlation between the incidence of long COVID and the level of area-specific deprivation. It found that individuals from the most deprived regions are 46 percent more likely to experience long COVID compared to those from less deprived areas.

This research, which was published in the Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, assessed more than 200,000 adults of working age. It marks the first attempt to quantify the link between long COVID and socioeconomic status across various occupational sectors.

Analyzing data from the Office for National Statistics COVID-19 Infection Survey, the researchers found that females had a higher risk of long COVID, with the risk of long COVID in females in the least deprived areas comparable to that in males in the most deprived areas.

People living in the most deprived areas and working in the healthcare and education sectors had the highest risk of long COVID compared to the least deprived areas. There was no significant association between the risk of long COVID and the most and least deprived areas for people working in the manufacturing and construction sectors.

Lead researcher Dr. Nazrul Islam, of the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Southampton and Nuffield Department of Population Health at the University of Oxford, said: “Although certain occupational groups, especially frontline and essential workers, have been unequally affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, studies on long COVID and occupation are sparse.

“Our findings are consistent with pre-pandemic research on other health conditions, suggesting that workers with lower socioeconomic status have poorer health outcomes and higher premature mortality than those with higher socioeconomic position but a similar occupation. However, the socioeconomic inequality may vary considerably by occupation groups.”

According to the researchers, the study indicates the need for a diverse range of public health interventions after recovery from COVID-19 across multiple intersecting social dimensions. Future health policy recommendations, they say, should incorporate the multiple dimensions of inequality, such as sex, deprivation, and occupation when considering the treatment and management of long COVID.

Dr. Islam added: “The inequalities shown in this study show that such an approach can provide more precise identification of risks and be relevant to other diseases and beyond the pandemic.

“These findings will help inform health policy in identifying the most vulnerable sub-groups of populations so that more focused efforts are given, and proportional allocation of resources are implemented, to facilitate the reduction of health inequalities.”

Reference: “Socioeconomic inequalities of Long COVID: a retrospective population-based cohort study in the United Kingdom” by Sharmin Shabnam, Cameron Razieh, Hajira Dambha-Miller, Tom Yates, Clare Gillies, Yogini V Chudasama, Manish Pareek, Amitava Banerjee, Ichiro Kawachi, Ben Lacey, Eva JA Morris, Martin White, Francesco Zaccardi, Kamlesh Khunti and Nazrul Islam, 10 May 2023, Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine.
DOI: 10.1177/01410768231168377
 

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Unmasking Long COVID: How SARS-CoV-2 Plays Mind Tricks With Your Pain
By Boston University School of Medicine
May 15, 2023

New research findings may contribute to the understanding of pathophysiology and help validate novel therapies for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.

SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause lasting damage to sensory nerves, leading to symptoms of Long COVID, according to a study by researchers from multiple institutions. The study identified gene expression changes associated with neurodegeneration and pain-related pathways, highlighting the need for targeted therapeutics. The findings offer potential avenues for addressing somatosensory symptoms and developing new treatments.

COVID-19, the disease resulting from SARS-CoV-2 infection, is associated with highly variable clinical outcomes that range from asymptomatic disease to death. For those with milder infections, COVID-19 can produce respiratory infection symptoms (cough, congestion, fever) and sensory phenotypes such as headache and loss of sense of smell. In more severe cases, SARS-CoV-2 infection can affect nearly every organ and result in strokes from vascular occlusion, cardiovascular damage and acute renal failure. A substantial number of actively infected patients suffering from both mild and severe infections experience sensory-related symptoms, such as headache, visceral pain, Guillain-Barre syndrome, nerve pain and inflammation. In most patients these symptoms subside after the infection ends, but, for other patients, they can persist.

In a new study, researchers from Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (Icahn Mount Sinai) and New York University (NYU), have found that thousands of genes were affected by SARS-CoV-2-mediated disease even after the viral infection had been cleared. These genes were associated with neurodegeneration and pain-related pathways, suggesting lasting damage to dorsal root ganglia (spinal nerves that carry sensory messages from various receptors) that may underlie symptoms of Post-COVID Conditions also known as Long COVID.

“Several studies have found that a high proportion of Long COVID patients suffer from abnormal perception of touch, pressure, temperature, pain or tingling throughout the body. Our work suggests that SARS-CoV-2 might induce lasting pain in a rather unique way, emphasizing the need for therapeutics that target molecular pathways specific to this virus,” explains corresponding author Venetia Zachariou, PhD, Edward Avedisian Professor and chair of pharmacology, physiology & biophysics at BU Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine. This work was performed in collaboration with Benjamin tenOever, PhD, professor of microbiology and medicine at NYU, formerly at Icahn Mount Sinai.

Using an experimental model infected with SARS-CoV-2, the researchers studied the effects of infection on sensitivity to touch, both during active infection and well after the infection had cleared. They then compared the effects of SARS-CoV-2 to those triggered by influenza A virus infection. In the experimental model, they observed a slow but progressive increase in sensory sensitivity over time – one that differed substantially from viral control, influenza A virus, which caused quick hypersensitivity during active infection but returned to normal by the time infection was over.

According to the researchers, this model can be used to gain information on genes and pathways affected by SARS-CoV-2, providing novel information to the scientific community on gene expression changes in sensory ganglia several weeks after infection.

“We hope this study will provide new avenues for addressing somatosensory symptoms of long COVID and ME/CFS (myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome), which are only just now beginning to be addressed by mainstream medicine. While we have begun using this information by validating one promising target in this study, we believe our now publicly available data can yield insights into many new therapeutic strategies,” adds Zachariou.

These findings appear online in the journal Science Signaling.

Reference: “SARS-CoV-2 airway infection results in the development of somatosensory abnormalities in a hamster model” by Randal A. Serafini, Justin J. Frere, Jeffrey Zimering, Ilinca M. Giosan, Kerri D. Pryce, Ilona Golynker, Maryline Panis, Anne Ruiz, Benjamin R. tenOever and Venetia Zachariou, 9 May 2023, Science Signaling.
DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.ade4984

This study was supported by National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NS086444S1 (R.A.S), the Zegar Family Foundation (B.T.) and the Friedman Brain Institute Research Scholars Program (V.Z., B.T., R.A.S., J.J.F.).
 

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Revolutionizing Disease Detection: Breathalyzer Sniffs Out COVID-19 and More
By University of Colorado at Boulder
May 15, 2023

Each time we breathe out, we release over 1,000 unique molecules that create a specific “breathprint,” a chemical signature that provides valuable insights into our body’s internal conditions.

For years, researchers have been trying to tap into this wealth of information, utilizing the keen sense of smell in dogs, rats, and even bees to detect diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and tuberculosis.

Scientists from CU Boulder and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) have made an important leap forward in the quest to diagnose disease using exhaled breath, reporting that a new laser-based breathalyzer powered by artificial intelligence (AI) can detect COVID-19 in real-time with excellent accuracy.

The results were recently published in the Journal of Breath Research.

“Our results demonstrate the promise of breath analysis as an alternative, rapid, non-invasive test for COVID-19 and highlight its remarkable potential for diagnosing diverse conditions and disease states,” said first author Qizhong Liang, a Ph.D. candidate in JILA and the Department of Physics at CU Boulder. JILA is a partnership between CU Boulder and NIST.

The multidisciplinary team of physicists, biochemists, and biologists is now shifting its focus to a wide range of other diseases in hopes that the “frequency comb breathalyzer”—born of Nobel Prize-winning technology from CU—could revolutionize medical diagnostics.

“There is a real, foreseeable future in which you could go to the doctor and have your breath measured along with your height and weight…Or you could blow into a mouthpiece integrated into your phone and get information about your health in real-time,” said senior author Jun Ye, a JILA fellow and adjoint professor of physics at CU Boulder. “The potential is endless.”
A COVID-born collaboration

As far back as 2008, Ye’s lab reported that a technique called frequency comb spectroscopy—essentially using laser light to distinguish one molecule from another—could potentially identify biomarkers of disease in human breath.

The technology lacked sensitivity and, more importantly, the capability to link specific molecules to disease states, so they never tested it for diagnosing illness.

But Ye’s team has since improved the sensitivity a thousandfold, enabling the detection of trace molecules at the parts-per-trillion level. They’ve also harnessed the power of AI.

“Molecules increase or decrease in concentrations when associated with specific health conditions,” said Liang. “Machine learning analyzes this information, identifies patterns, and develops criteria we can use to predict a diagnosis.”

With SARS-CoV-2 ripping across the country and frustration mounting about long response times for existing tests, the time had come to test the system on people. As a physicist, Ye had never worked with human subjects, so he enlisted help from CU’s BioFrontiers Institute, an interdisciplinary hub for biomedical research that was heading up the campus COVID testing program.

The National Science Foundation and the National Institutes of Health funded the research.
Non-invasive, fast, chemical-free

Between May 2021 and January 2022, the research team collected breath samples from 170 CU Boulder students who had, in the previous 48 hours, taken a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test, either by submitting a saliva or a nasal sample.

Half had tested positive, half negative. (For safety reasons, volunteer participants came to an outdoor campus parking lot, blew in a sample-collection bag, and left it for a lab tech waiting at a safe distance.)

Overall, the process took less than one hour from collection to result.

When compared to PCR, the gold standard COVID test, breathalyzer results matched 85% of the time. For medical diagnostics, an accuracy of 80% or greater is considered “excellent.”

The researchers suspect that the accuracy would likely have been higher if the breath and saliva/nasal swab samples were collected at the same time.

Unlike a nasal swab, the breathalyzer is non-invasive. And unlike a saliva sample, users are not asked to refrain from eating, drinking, or smoking before using it. It doesn’t require costly chemicals to break down the sample. And the new test could, conceivably, be used on individuals who are not conscious.

But there is still much to be learned, said Ye.

“With one breath, we can collect so many data points from you, but then what? We only understand how a few molecules correlate with specific conditions,” Ye said.
Building a smaller breathalyzer

Today, the “breathalyzer” consists of a complex array of lasers and mirrors about the size of a banquet table.

A breath sample is piped in through a tube as lasers fire invisible mid-infrared light at it at thousands of different frequencies. Dozens of tiny mirrors bounce the light back and forth through the molecules so many times that in the end, the light travels about 1.5 miles.

Because each kind of molecule absorbs light differently, breath samples with a different molecular make-up cast distinct shadows. The machine can distinguish between those different shadows or absorption patterns, boiling millions of data points down to—in the case of COVID—a simple positive or negative, in a matter of seconds.

Efforts are already underway to miniaturize such systems to a chip scale, allowing for what Liang imagines as “real-time, self-health monitoring on the go.” The potential does not end there.

“What if you could find a signature in breath that could detect pancreatic cancer before you were even symptomatic. That would be the home run,” said molecular biologist and co-author Leslie Leinwand, chief scientific officer for BioFrontiers and a co-author on the study

Elsewhere, scientists are working to develop a Human Breath Atlas, which maps each molecule in the human exhale and correlates them with health outcomes. Liang hopes to contribute to such efforts with a larger-scale collection of breath samples.

Meanwhile, the team is collaborating with pediatric and respiratory specialists at the CU Anschutz Medical Campus to explore how the breathalyzer can not only diagnose diseases but also enable scientists to better understand them, offering hints about immune responses, nutritional deficiencies, and other factors that could contribute to or exacerbate illness.

“If you think about dogs, they evolved over thousands of years to smell many different things with remarkable sensitivity,” said Ye. “We are just at the very beginning of training our laser-based nose. The more we teach it, the smarter it will become.”

Reference: “Breath analysis by ultra-sensitive broadband laser spectroscopy detects SARS-CoV-2 infection” by Qizhong Liang, Ya-Chu Chan, Jutta Toscano, Kristen K Bjorkman, Leslie A Leinwand, Roy Parker, Eva S Nozik, David J Nesbitt and Jun Ye, 5 April 2023, Journal of Breath Research.
DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/acc6e4

The study was funded by the National Institutes of Health and the National Science Foundation.
 

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Why it could be harder to avoid getting COVID in the future
With many metrics now gone, information about community spread will be less frequent and less granular.

Aidin Vaziri
May 16, 2023 | Updated: May 16, 2023 5:26 p.m.

The end of the national COVID-19 public health emergency has substantially shifted how coronavirus data is gathered and reported. The familiar, colorful community-level reports, graphs illustrating fluctuating case counts and jarring smartphone notifications that helped guide people through the first three years of the pandemic have largely disappeared.

As of Thursday, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention no longer tracks or publishes data on daily new infections, as states aren’t obligated to report such figures anymore. Instead, the CDC has shifted its surveillance efforts toward monitoring weekly coronavirus-positive hospital admissions and deaths.

“We will continue to keep our eye on the COVID-19 ball,” Nirav Shah, the CDC’s principal deputy director, said at a briefing. “We will still be able to tell that it’s snowing, even though we’re no longer counting every snowflake.”

Doctors and public health officials have long argued that with the widespread use of rapid home tests, whose results are rarely reported, case counts are no longer a reliable pandemic indicator.

“You can have a fair number of people infected but you may not know it because the publicly reported numbers are just really misleading,” said Dr. Bob Wachter, the chair of the Department of Medicine at UCSF.

Instead, the CDC now will use a different set of metrics to monitor the virus, including sampling wastewater for virus counts and focusing on hospitalizations.

At a practical level, that means Americans who want to keep close tabs on the COVID situation will see less frequent data updates and with less granularity — making it harder to assess their personal risk as they try to deal with the virus on an individual basis.

While they can still take a home test before traveling across the country, it will be harder to confirm if there’s a new outbreak underway where they are traveling. And people are less likely to know if the virus is spreading at a rapid rate in their own communities before attending a large gathering, such as a summer wedding or music festival.

The CDC’s COVID Data Tracker also no longer shows the national coronavirus test positivity rate or the number of weekly COVID-19 deaths, opting instead to showcase the percentage of COVID-associated deaths among all reported deaths.

By the end of April, the CDC had tracked more than 104 million COVID-19 cases, 6 million related hospitalizations, and 1.1 million COVID-19-associated deaths in the U.S.

Delayed snapshots


The changes in reporting may make it more difficult to detect future surges. Hospitalizations are a lagging indicator of community spread, so outbreaks may not be visible until after they’re already underway.

“In a way, it makes sense because we’ve been talking about how case numbers don’t matter with home tests,” said Dr. Abraar Karan, an infectious disease researcher with Stanford’s Center for Innovation in Global Health. But giving up on tracking cases entirely, he said, “Seems like a big concession.”

Instead, he said, “our system around home testing and reporting could be a lot better.”

The federal government also has retired the color-coded system, implemented in February 2022, that categorized COVID-19 community levels nationwide as low (green), medium (yellow) or high (red). These tiers were based on case rates and hospitalization metrics, and helped local health departments issue guidance on mitigation measures such as masking and restrictions on gatherings.

“We have worked hard to sustain the data to understand what’s happening with the virus in America,” said the CDC’s outgoing director, Rochelle Walensky. “But the end of the (public health emergency) means the CDC will no longer be able to collect data and share information many Americans have come to expect.”

Instead of the previous system, the only county-level data the CDC will now report is the number of new coronavirus-positive hospital admissions, categorized into three new tiers: green, yellow or orange. As of Monday, more than 99% of the country fell into the green tier, indicating fewer than 10 weekly admissions per 100,000 population.

In addition to the changes in data reporting, the U.S. terminated the nationwide smartphone exposure notifications program on Thursday. This service alerted individuals of potential exposure to the virus but was discontinued on the same day the national COVID-19 emergency ended.

The CDC said it would continue its wastewater monitoring program, collecting data from a patchwork of treatment plants across the nation covering roughly 140 million Americans. The agency has also established partnerships with 450 public health laboratories nationwide, encouraging them to voluntarily report local COVID-19 test-positive rates, as well as data related to influenza, RSV and other respiratory viruses.

“COVID-19 remains a risk and CDC remains committed to preventing severe illness and deaths associated with COVID-19, particularly for those who are at higher risk,” principal deputy director Shah said.

To further enhance surveillance, the agency recently began a pilot program at San Francisco International Airport to analyze wastewater from incoming international travelers, aiming to identify potential variants of concern.

The changes in data reporting trickle down to state and local agencies, too.

“We are really going to be shifting away from case-based reporting,” Dr. Erica Pan, California’s state epidemiologist, told physicians ahead of the changes last month.

The California Department of Public Health, which updates its COVID-19 dashboard once a week, has temporarily paused its hospitalization data reporting. The agency said it plans to redefine how it tracks COVID-19 deaths, focusing on death certifications rather than relying solely on investigations and reporting by local health departments.

California’s COVID-19 wastewater surveillance program has also hit a wall.

“We won’t be able to expand as we hoped due to budgetary constraints,” Pan said.

San Francisco’s health department, which updates its COVID-19 data daily, plans to consolidate its public-facing dashboards.

“We will continue to track COVID-19 data and respond to public health concerns and to the needs of the community,” it noted. “Our response to the coronavirus emergency is based on data, science, and facts. Data and dashboards help us see the whole picture of COVID-19 in our community.”
 

Heliobas Disciple

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Conservative 9th Circuit panel reinstates lawsuit challenging San Francisco’s employee vaccine mandate
Bob Egelko
May 15, 2023 | Updated: May 15, 2023 2:43 p.m.

San Francisco employees who believe they would be endorsing abortion by getting vaccinated against COVID-19 can sue the city for violating their religious rights by mandating vaccination for all its workers, a federal appeals court ruled Monday.

Two longtime employees of San Francisco’s Human Services Agency, Selina Keane and Melody Fountila, filed suit in March 2022 after the city denied them religious exemptions. They said their religious freedom as Christians would be violated by taking medications derived from fetal cells, which were used in early testing of both the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines, though they were never ingredients in the vaccines themselves. Both retired from their jobs when their requests were denied.

A number of cities and counties dropped their vaccine mandates after Gov. Gavin Newsom ended California’s three-year state of emergency in March, and withdrew the state’s vaccination requirements for its health care workers April 3. But San Francisco still requires vaccination for its 35,000 employees.

U.S. District Judge Jeffrey White dismissed the women’s lawsuit last September, saying they had not shown any violation of their religious freedom and finding that the need to protect public health justified the vaccine mandate. The women were expressing “personal preferences, not religious beliefs,” White wrote, and rulings dating back to 1905 — when the Supreme Court upheld a smallpox vaccine mandate for adult residents of Cambridge, Mass. — have upheld “compulsory vaccination as a condition of employment.”

But the Ninth U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals overruled White on Monday and reinstated the suit.

San Francisco has not questioned the sincerity of the women’s religious views, and “a religious belief need not be consistent or rational to be protected” under civil rights laws, the panel said in a 3-0 ruling. “An assertion of a sincere religious belief is generally accepted.”

White “considered the public interest in increased vaccination against the COVID-19 virus, but there is no indication that (he) considered the public interest in enforcement of civil rights statutes” such as the laws protecting religious freedom, the court said.

The ruling requires White to reconsider the case and weigh the women’s religious beliefs against the city’s rationale for denying religious exemptions. The women, who questioned the vaccines’ effectiveness, also said they would not have endangered anyone because they could have done their jobs from home.

The decision was issued by Judges Consuelo Callahan and Patrick Bumatay and U.S. District Judge Susan Bolton of Arizona, temporarily assigned to the appeals court. Callahan was appointed by President George W. Bush, who also appointed White, while Bumatay was chosen by President Donald Trump and Bolton by President Bill Clinton. San Francisco could ask the full appeals court to order a new hearing before an 11-judge panel.

Alex Barrett-Porter, spokesperson for City Attorney David Chiu, said the vaccine mandate is “still in place” and that city officials are reviewing the ruling.

Attorneys for the two women did not immediately respond to a request for comment.
 

Zoner

Veteran Member
View: https://twitter.com/RobertB63886025/status/1658759117547110404?s=20


“Decline It!” - Dr. Mike Yeadon Issues Dire Warning Against Digital IDs And CBDCs

“What they’re going to do next, I promise you. I just know it. They’re going to impose a digital ID on everybody,” attested Dr. Mike Yeadon.

“Decline it!” he emphasized. “You do not need a digital ID to live your peaceful life. Evidence: the last hundreds of years.”

Watch the entirety of Dr. Yeadon’s impassioned speech on #CHDTV:

TRUTH BE TOLD RALLY | London | May 13th | 1pm BST | 8am EST | Trafalgar Square
 

Heliobas Disciple

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NIH Cuts Off Funding to Wuhan Lab at Center of COVID Leak Controversy
Eva Fu
May 17, 2023

The National Institute of Health (NIH) has quietly removed the Wuhan lab suspected as a source of COVID-19 from its list of foreign facilities eligible to conduct animal experiments on taxpayer dollars.

The name Wuhan Institute of Virology (WIV), which was still on the list as recently as April 23, was absent from the page last updated on May 17. The current list consists of 27 other laboratories from China.

The WIV has for years been a partner of the New York-based EcoHealth Alliance, conducting bat coronavirus research with U.S. funding, which totaled more than $3 million between 2014 and 2019.

Sen. Joni Ernst (R-Iowa), a vocal critic of the NIH funding to Wuhan, cheered the news as a “victory for taxpayers.”

“After years of advocacy, the Wuhan Lab finally appears to no longer be eligible for U.S. funding,” she told The Epoch Times. “The truth is, China’s state-run Wuhan Institute of Virology should never have received U.S. support for its dangerous experiments on bat coronaviruses.”

Ernst said that she feels troubled that the Wuhan facility was able to get funding in the first place.

“This incident has exposed a huge loophole that is allowing untold sums of U.S. dollars to be secretly spent in institutions in China and elsewhere,” she said, adding that she remains committed to ensuring “no other batty studies at the expense of taxpayers are flying under the radar” and there’s “full public transparency for every penny sent to an institution in China.”

The Wuhan lab has a history of questionable lab safety practices as it engaged in projects to enhance a SARS-like coronavirus that could make mice sicker. A 2017 video showed the WIV researchers keeping bats in a cage inside the lab and collecting bat samples outdoors with minimal protection measures.

The NIH suspended funding to EcoHealth’s bat virus project after the pandemic broke out in China, and later terminated the Wuhan subgrant over grant rule compliance questions. It renewed the grant earlier this month with some modifications to the program’s scope, a move that drew alarms from critics such as Ernst who wants to see permanent defunding of the New York organization.

With the renewed grant, EcoHealth now receives 17 active U.S. grants valued at more than $50 million collectively.

Justin Goodman of White Coat Waste Project, a watchdog group that has worked with Sen. Ernst on the issue, said he is “thrilled” to see the NIH’s “long overdue decision” to disqualify “white coats in Wuhan from future taxpayer funding.”

“Taxpayers shouldn’t be forced to fund a foreign lab run by an adversarial nation that wasted money, tortured animals, and engineered superviruses in dangerous gain-of-function experiments that violated the law and likely caused COVID,” he told The Epoch Times.

The NIH, and the Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare, which oversees laboratory animal experiments, didn’t respond to The Epoch Times’ request for comment by press time.

A number of former and current health and intelligence officials have voiced support for the theory that COVID-19 might have originated from a Wuhan lab.

“A lab leak is the only explanation credibly supported by our intelligence, by science, and by common sense,” John Ratcliffe, the director of national intelligence during the Trump administration, recently told a congressional committee in Washington. “In fact, were this a trial, the preponderance of circumstantial evidence provided by our intelligence would compel a jury finding of guilt to an accusation that the coronavirus research in the Wuhan labs was responsible for spawning a global pandemic.”

David Feith, an adjunct senior fellow at the Center for a New American Security and a former deputy assistant secretary of state, told the Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic that “it became harder to ignore the suspicious basic facts of the story” as they gathered information regarding the pandemic origins.

“As we documented these issues to inform our diplomatic engagements with China and others, our attention was drawn increasingly back to the Wuhan labs,” Feith said on April 18.

Sen. Marco Rubio (R-Fla.) on Wednesday also released a report (pdf) on the COVID-19 origins.

The 328-page report compiled a list of circumstantial evidence linking the origin of the pandemic to the Chinese lab.

During the second half of 2019, the report said, a “serious biocontainment failure or accident, likely involving a viral pathogen,” likely took place there, which the most senior Chinese leadership became aware of by at least November 2019.

The WIV, the report said, is “underfunded, underregulated, and understaffed,” but under authorities’ pressure to produce scientific breakthroughs to propel China to the forefront of the field.

“The WIV was almost an accident waiting to happen, and it appears that an accident, or perhaps accidents, did happen, and roughly concurrent with the initial outbreak of SARSCoV-2,” it stated.
 

Heliobas Disciple

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Leaked Pentagon Report Forensically Dismantles Fauci-Led Natural Origin Study
by Tyler Durden
Wednesday, May 17, 2023 - 09:40 PM

Authored by Hans Mahncke via The Epoch Times

Researchers at the Department of Defense wrote a devastating takedown of the Proximal Origin study, which was used by Dr. Anthony Fauci as proof that the COVID-19 virus had come from nature.

The takedown, dated May 26, 2020, was written in the form of a working paper called “Critical analysis of Andersen et al. The proximal origin of SARS-CoV-2.” It was authored by Commander Jean-Paul Chretien, a Navy doctor working at the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, and Dr. Robert Cutlip, a research scientist at the Defense Intelligence Agency. The paper came to light on May 15, when it was leaked to the public via virus origins search group DRASTIC (Decentralized Radical Autonomous Search Team Investigating COVID-19).

The working paper forensically dismantles the natural origin case made in Proximal Origin and concludes, “The arguments that Andersen et al. use to support a natural-origin scenario for SARS-CoV-2 are based not on scientific analysis, but on unwarranted assumptions.”

The existence of this internal Pentagon paper is crucial, as it proves that government officials were well aware in the early months of the pandemic that there was no evidence in support of a natural origin of the COVID-19 virus. Additionally, given the crushing discrediting of Proximal Origin, Pentagon officials would also have been aware of Fauci’s efforts to seed a false narrative about the origin of COVID-19.

Proximal Origin was initially conceived by Fauci during a secret teleconference held on Feb. 1, 2020. The ostensible purpose of the teleconference was to deflect attention from a possible lab origin of COVID-19 and to shift the focus to a natural origin theory. Fauci directed a number of scientists, led by Kristian Andersen of Scripps Research and Robert Garry of Tulane Medical School, to pen a study that could be used to discredit the lab leak theory. Despite being directly involved in the inception of the paper, as well as in shaping its arguments, Fauci’s role was concealed from the public. Fauci later bestowed Andersen and Garry with lavish taxpayer-funded grants.

The defects in Proximal Origin were immediately noticed by reviewers at science journal Nature. This fact only became known late last year from emails obtained via the Freedom of Information Act by independent journalist Jimmy Tobias. However, with the help of Jeremy Farrar, who now is the chief scientist of the World Health Organization and who had helped Fauci shape the natural origin narrative, Proximal Origin was accepted for publication in Nature Medicine on March 17, 2020. It boldly concluded that no “laboratory-based scenario is plausible.”

On April 17, 2020, President Donald Trump confirmed that the COVID-19 pandemic likely started in a Wuhan laboratory in China. On the same day, while attending a White House press conference, Fauci categorically dismissed the possibility of a lab origin of COVID-19, citing Proximal Origin as corroboration. Fauci feigned independence, telling reporters that he could not recall the names of the authors. What was not known at the time was that Fauci not only knew the authors well, but had personally led the effort to have Proximal Origin written.

Proximal Origin became the media’s go-to natural origin authority, repeating Fauci’s claim that the paper provided dispositive proof that COVID-19 had come out of nature. It also became the most-read article on COVID-19 and one of the most cited academic papers of all time.

Yet, while the public was being told by Fauci and the media that Proximal Origin had settled the origin debate, Pentagon researchers came to a very different conclusion.

Chretien and Cutlip found that COVID-19’s features, which Proximal Origin ascribed to natural evolution, were actually “consistent with another scenario: that SARS-CoV-2 was developed in a laboratory, by methods that leading coronavirus researchers commonly use to investigate how the viruses infect cells and cause disease, assess the potential for animal coronaviruses to jump to humans, and develop drugs and vaccines.”

Read more here...
 

Zoner

Veteran Member
From the article

This should have made headlines across the world. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention quietly told the US government to destroy all available Janssen/Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccines. “Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine is no longer available in the U.S. All remaining U.S. government stock of Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine expired May 7, 2023. Dispose of any remaining Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine in accordance with local, state, and federal regulations. Dispose of any remaining Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine in accordance with local, state, and federal regulations,” the site states.

Over 19 million Americans received the Johnson & Johnson “safe and effective” vaccine. The 12.5 million doses in storage are to be immediately destroyed. The health agency did not state why they were pulling the vaccine.


On February 27, 2021, Johnson & Johnson boasted that the FDA approved the first single-shot vaccine. However, the company admitted that 41% of those who participated in the vaccination study had comorbidities. The corrupt FDA still allowed it to be prescribed, knowing that almost half of the study participants had negative side effects. At the time of this writing, the Johnson & Johnson website makes no mention of the vaccine recall. They are focused on their positive Q1 earnings report, however.

The millions of people throughout the world who took this vaccine, by choice or by force, deserve to know the reason it has been recalled. In the US, the government offered the pharmaceutical companies full immunity so there will be no class-action lawsuit.

One can assume, based on the CDC’s own guidance, that the single-dose vaccine increased side effects. The CDC states that test subjects must wait 8 weeks between the first and second mRNA jabs “as it might reduce the small risk of myocarditis and pericarditis associated with these COVID-19 vaccines.” The site continues, “While absolute risk remains small, an elevated risk for myocarditis and pericarditis has been observed among mRNA COVID-19 vaccine recipients, particularly in males ages 12–39 years. Cases of myocarditis and pericarditis were identified in clinical trials of Novavax COVID-19 Vaccine and through passive surveillance during post-authorization use outside the United States.” They also discuss the “small risk” of these deadly side effects in children aged 12 to 17.

The people should demand immediate answers. Answers would be required immediately if they were producing anything but the COVID-19 vaccination. Why did the FDA approve a vaccine that they knew to be dangerous? Will they recall other vaccines with increasing death tolls? We deserve clear answers.
 

Heliobas Disciple

TB Fanatic
View: https://twitter.com/ChildrensHD/status/1658959138997563396


Children’s Health Defense @ChildrensHD
6:14 PM · May 17, 2023


“Complete Fraud” - Nick Hudson Reveals the Deceit Behind Pfizer’s “95% Effective” Clinical Trials

“On any sensible clinical endpoint (hospitalization & severe disease), the vaccine arm of the phase three trials performed much worse than the placebo arm,” attested @NickHudsonCT
.

“And there was a basic fraud” to achieve the desired outcome of less COVID among the vaccinated than the unvaccinated, he shared.

“The way they achieved that was by implementing a subset study group inside the phase three trial to look at reactogenicity, which is ... side effects of the vaccine as a result of the immune reaction. And what the protocol led to [was] anybody who had COVID-like symptoms being excluded from the study without being PCR tested,” he explained.

“And this was a fraud because they knew from their earlier studies that people who took the vaccine in a reasonably high proportion would suffer from ... neutropenia and... lymphocytopenia, which are immune suppression conditions causing people to get COVID as a result of being vaccinated. So all those people who potentially had COVID were removed from the study once they generated COVID symptoms and not PCR tested on the way out.”

2 min 33 sec video at link
 

Heliobas Disciple

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One baby dies and eight are left in intensive care after being struck down in 'unusual' cluster of usually-harmless infection
By Emily Craig Senior Health Reporter For Mailonline
Updated: 09:56 EDT, 17 May 2023
  • 15 UK newborns diagnosed with myocarditis from June 2022 to March 2023
  • Further testing of nine of the cases confirmed they had common infection

One baby has died and eight have been admitted to intensive care in a mysterious cluster of infections thought to be caused by a typically harmless virus.

In total, 15 newborns in Wales and south-west England have been struck down with severe Myocarditis — inflammation of the heart — since June 2022.

One of them is still in hospital, according to an alert issued last night by the World Health Organization.

Health chiefs were spooked by the 'unusual' spike in cases over such a short space of time, prompting a thorough investigation.

Nine of the cases tested positive for a type of enterovirus, which usually causes no symptoms or flu-like signs.

However, experts are baffled as to what has caused the sudden spike. Health chiefs in Wales are probing the reasons behind the cases and will investigate any further cases that are reported in the coming weeks.

Previous outbreaks among children, including panic around Strep A last winter, were blamed on lockdowns weakening immunity against the usually harmless bugs.

No cases of severe myocarditis have been spotted since March. However, cases appear to have peaked last November.

Ten cases have been detected in Wales, compared with just one in the previous six years.

The WHO, which issued the alert last night, labelled the cluster 'unusual' and said it may be recommended that childcare facilities and schools are closed if cases surge.

Out of the affected babies, one has died. Eight were treated in intensive care, where they were intubated, put on a ventilator and received circulatory support.

Details on the remaining six cases have not yet been published.

Myocarditis usually occurs following a virus. It is caused by the body's immune system overreacting to being infected and causing inflammation, which can stay in the heart even after the virus has been cleared.

While some sufferers have no symptoms, it can cause chest pains, palpitations and shortness of breath.

Unwell children also presented with sepsis — which can kill within hours unless it is treated quickly. They were also less interested in eating and drinking.

Five cases were detected in south-west England.

The UKHSA said it was 'investigating the situation in England'. Officials are looking at potential driving factors behind the increase, too.

PCR testing of nine of the children confirmed they had coxsackie B3 or B4 — types of enterovirus.

Enteroviruses usually cause only mild illness but tends to affect newborns and young children more severely.

No specific antiviral therapy is available for enteroviruses, so treatment focuses on preventing complications.

The WHO said it was informed of the situation by UK health chiefs on April 5.

Since February, medics in South Wales have been told to look out for cases and test for enteroviruses if it is suspected.

And an incident management team was set up to review evidence across the UK to determine what next steps are needed in its response.

Dr Shamez Ladhani, a consultant paediatrician at the UKHSA, said: 'Enterovirus is a common infection of childhood, causing a range of symptoms including respiratory disease; hand, foot and mouth, and viral meningitis.

'In very young babies, enterovirus can, on rare occasions, lead to a severe complication called myocarditis – which causes inflammation of the heart. Most babies and children recover completely from this.

'Given a higher than average number of cases in Wales in the autumn/winter months in very young babies, UKHSA is investigating the situation in England to see if any similar cases have been observed here and whether there are any factors driving the increase in cases.'

Dr Christopher Williams, consultant epidemiologist for Public Health Wales, said: 'Enterovirus is a common infection of childhood, causing a range of infections.

'In very young babies, enterovirus can, in rare cases, also cause a severe illness in the first few weeks of life. Most babies and children recover completely following enterovirus infection.

'It only affects the heart on very rare occasions. This cluster is unusual due to the number of cases reported in a relatively short time frame.

'Investigations are now ongoing in collaboration with the paediatric team in the children's hospital of Wales to understand the reasons why and to investigate any further cases that may be reported in the coming weeks and months.

'Parents should be reassured that although there has been an increase in cases, this is still an extremely rare occurrence.'

The WHO said the risk to public health is 'low'.

But it noted that enterovirus infection is not among the diseases WHO members have to flag — so a similar pattern may have gone undiagnosed or unreported elsewhere.

It may be recommended to close childcare facilities and schools 'in certain situations' to reduce transmission, it said.

But travel restrictions to the UK are not recommended, it added.

One mother said her child died after he was infected with enterovirus and developed sepsis and heart problems. However, the case hasn't been included in the official tally from Public Health Wales, which was shared with the WHO.

Joann Edwards, from Mountain Ash in South Wales, gave birth to Elijah at Prince Charles Hospital in Merthyr Tydfil on February 25, 2022.

Within a few days of being at home, Elijah became lethargic and was constipated — symptoms which were put down to jaundice.

But Mrs Edwards and her husband Christian rushed him to A&E when he was a week old as he stopped feeding. He was initially diagnosed with sepsis and bronchiolitis — a common chest infection.

He was transferred to University Hospital Wales, where medics detected stress on his heart. Elijah was moved to Bristol Children's Hospital, where he tested positive for enterovirus.

Elijah died a few days later at the hospital.

Her son's case isn't being examined by health officials because it fell outside of the enterovirus season.

However, Cwm Taf Morgannwg Health Board is probing Elijah's death.

Mrs Edwards said her family has been ignored and was 'gobsmacked' after hearing about other cases as they were 'led to believe that we were a one-off'.
 

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CDC Issues Monkeypox Alert, Recommends Two Doses of Vaccine Despite Questions About Efficacy
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention began sounding the alarm about a potential rise in mpox (formerly monkeypox) outbreaks this summer, just days before publishing studies suggesting that two doses of Bavarian Nordic’s Jynneos vaccine, rather than one, offer “real-world” protection.

By Brenda Baletti, Ph.D.
05/19/23

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) began sounding the alarm about a potential rise in mpox (formerly monkeypox) outbreaks this summer, just days before publishing studies suggesting that two doses of Bavarian Nordic’s Jynneos vaccine, rather than one, offer “real-world” protection.

The World Health Organization (WHO) on May 11 ended the global health emergency for mpox — less than a week after it ended the COVID-19 emergency.

But on May 15, the CDC issued a health alert, warning that although mpox cases had declined since peaking last August, “the outbreak is not over.”

The alert informed clinicians and public health agencies that the CDC and local partners were investigating a cluster of mpox cases in the Chicago area, where 12 confirmed and one probable case of mpox had been reported to the Chicago Department of Public Health between April 17 and May 5.

Health officials should be aware of “the potential for new clusters or outbreaks of mpox cases,” the health alert warned. The CDC also warned that it was likely that “spring and summer season in 2023 could lead to a resurgence of mpox as people gather for festivals and other events.”

Nine of the possibly 13 infected men near Chicago were fully vaccinated against mpox, raising concerns over Jynneos’ efficacy. However, the CDC emphasized that “vaccination continues to be one of the most important prevention measures.”

The CDC’s announcement and the Chicago cases were widely covered in the press, leading cities like San Francisco to issue public health announcements encouraging vaccination.

On Thursday, just three days after the CDC issued its alert, the agency also published three new observational studies reporting that the Jynneos vaccine provides “real-world protection” against mpox, and two doses seem to be more effective than one.

Two of the studies were published in the CDC’s Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) and one was published in the New England Journal of Medicine.

In one of the MMWR studies, a real-world case-match study conducted in 12 U.S. jurisdictions, two doses of Jynneos was estimated to be 85.9% effective against mpox. At one dose, the vaccine was found to be 75.2% effective.

But the CDC real-world study conducted in a larger pool of individuals published in the New England Journal of Medicine, showed much lower efficacy of Jynneos.

In that case-control analysis, in more than 10,000 people from a nationwide electronic health record database, Jynneos was estimated to be 66% effective after two doses, whereas the one-dose efficacy was just 35.8%.

According to Dr. Christopher Braden, the CDC’s mpox response incident manager, “Vaccine effectiveness estimates from these studies ranged from 36% to 75% for one dose and 66% to 86% for two doses of Jynneos vaccine.”

“What we take away from these three studies is that the vaccine effectiveness is substantial and that two doses is definitely better than one,” Braden added.


One of the MMWR reports also stated that “information on Jynneos vaccine effectiveness is limited.”
And Dr. Meryl Nass, a member of the Children’s Health Defense scientific advisory committee, also told The Defender that clinical trials were lacking to show effectiveness of the vaccine.

Nass reported on her Substack that the CDC began a study of monkeypox vaccine effectiveness in the Democratic Republic of Congo, but never reported the results.

The New York Times also questioned the vaccine’s effectiveness:

“Many questions remain about the vaccine, which had not been widely used before last summer’s outbreak of mpox, formerly called monkeypox, largely among men who have sex with men.

“None of the new studies were randomized controlled trials, and some of the analyses were small.

“More work is needed to determine how well the vaccine works in immunocompromised people, how long protection lasts and whether that varies depending on how the shots are administered.”

What is mpox?

Mpox is a disease caused by a poxvirus. Symptoms of monkeypox infection are usually mild and include fever, rash and swollen lymph nodes, and occasionally intense headache, back pain, muscle aches, lack of energy and skin eruptions that can cause painful lesions, scabs or crusts.

The virus rarely requires hospitalization — and those who are hospitalized are typically hospitalized for pain control. It is very rarely fatal. According to the WHO, of the nearly 90,000 mpox cases reported worldwide in 2022-2023, there were only 140 deaths.

Monkeypox primarily is spread through skin-to-skin contact during sex and affects mostly gay and bisexual men, public health officials said, although the virus can affect anyone.

According to the CDC, about 98% of monkeypox patients who provided demographic information to clinics identified as men who have sex with men.

The CDC characterizes monkeypox as “generally a mild disease,” involving little more than rashes, fevers and chills that typically require “no specific treatment.”

History of the monkeypox ‘threat’

As The Defender reported in May 2022, the Nuclear Threat Initiative, in conjunction with the Munich Security Conference, in March 2021 held a “tabletop exercise on reducing high-consequence biological threats,” involving an “unusual strain of monkeypox virus that first emerged in the fictional nation of Brinia and spread globally over 18 months.”

The fictional start date of the monkeypox pandemic in this exercise was May 15, 2022. The first European case of monkeypox was identified on May 7, 2022, and several cases were reported after that.

These reports were leading up to the World Health Assembly — the WHO’s decision-making body — meeting, which was set for May 22, 2022. The World Health Assembly scheduled an emergency monkeypox meeting for May 20, Nass reported on her Substack.

In late July 2022, WHO head Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus “side-stepped” his own advisors to pronounce monkeypox a “public health emergency of international concern,” the WHO’s first such ruling since SARS-CoV-2.

In August 2022, the Biden administration followed suit, declaring monkeypox a public health emergency to raise awareness and allow for additional funding to fight the disease’s spread, according to U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Secretary Xavier Becerra.

The Jynneos smallpox vaccine had already been licensed for adults in September 2019 for smallpox and for the prevention of monkeypox.

During the monkeypox scare in the summer of 2022, there was a shortage of available doses of the vaccine.

In August 2022, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration issued an Emergency Use Authorization allowing healthcare providers to administer a smaller amount of the Jynneos vaccine to high-risk individuals through intradermal injection — meaning between layers of the skin rather than below the skin — instead of subcutaneously, or beneath the skin.

The change in injection method increased available doses fivefold — from 441,000 to more than 2.2 million — as intradermal injection uses only a fraction of the dose but provides the same protection.
 
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