(HTL - Africa) EBOLA kills 100; wipes out Gorillas

<B><center>Ebola kills 100 in Congo, wipes out gorillas</B>
March 11, 2003, 21:30</center>


The deadly Ebola virus has killed 100 people in the remote forests of Congo Republic and wiped out nearly two-thirds of the gorillas in a reserve. "We have reached the fateful figure of 100 dead," said Alain Moka, Congo's Health Minister at a ceremony to accept donations to help fight the outbreak.

The latest Ebola epidemic to hit the central African country struck in January in the dense forest region of Cuvette-Ouestabout 700 kms north of the capital Brazzaville.

Ebola is passed on by infected body fluids and kills between 50 and 90 percent of its victims. It starts with a high fever and headache and can lead to massive internal bleeding.

"The government has already spent 300 million CFA francs ($507,000) to put in place the logistics needed to help the stricken people but the state alone cannot help," Moka said.

There is no known cure for Ebola and authorities in central Africa have battled the disease by cordoning off affected areas and trying to stop locals eating primates.

Scientists believe this outbreak was triggered by the consumption of infected monkey meat. Bush meat is a staple among remote forest communities and deemed a delicacy in many cities.

Monkeys, chimpanzees and gorillas started dying in large numbers towards the end of last year and primatologists say the impact has been devastating on the Lossi park in Cuvette-Ouest.

At an Ebola conference in Brazzaville last week, primatologist Bermejo Magdalena said that gorillas had been disappearing at an alarming rate where she works in the Lossi sanctuary, which covers 320 square kms.

"In the sanctuary of about 1200 gorillas we are now down to just 450 gorillas. We have recorded the disappearance of 600 to 800 gorillas," she said, adding the outbreak could spread to the nearby Odzala park and might then contaminate forests in Gabon.

"If Odzala is also contaminated by the epidemic, that's nearly 20 000 gorillas under threat. That's very serious, catastrophic," she said.

Ebola killed 73 people in Gabon and the same area of Congo in an epidemic from October 2001 to February 2002 but experts fear this outbreak is more virulent.

The disease takes its name from a river in the Democratic Republic of Congo where Ebola was discovered in 1976. The worst outbreak was there in 1995 when more than 250 people died.

Despite scientists' efforts to change villagers' eating habits and burial rites, which can involve handling the internal organs of corpses, many believe occult forces are at work.

Four teachers accused of casting a spell to cause the latest Ebola outbreak were stoned and beaten to death in February. - Reuters

http://www.sabcnews.com/africa/c...86,00.html
 
It is this article which drew my attention (and decision) to post it to TB2000. Can you imagine the terror that this person had? Now what if.....It was one of us.


<B><center>My brush with Ebola</B>

By Pascale Harter </center>
BBC, isolation ward, Brazzaville military hospital, Congo

When a disembodied voice from behind a mask asks you how often you're vomiting, and examines your body for signs of blood beneath the skin from internal haemorrhaging, you know you've got something very bad.


The gloves and goggles worn by the doctor let you know you are no longer a healthy body to be protected from illness but a living virus to be protected against.
You feel you are already a lost cause, even though you know the doctors need to be protected.

I had been feeling ill since returning from the north of Congo reporting on the current Ebola epidemic.

Ebola is one of the deadliest viruses in the world, killing up to 90% of its victims in days and few of those unfortunate enough to get it survive to tell their story.

And the initial symptoms are like almost any other illness including malaria: Tiredness, a fever and vomiting.

Feeling

Whilst in the north I had asked a doctor in the village of Kalle at the epicentre of the outbreak: "How do your patients feel when they see you in that outfit?"


He was preparing to go into an isolation ward wearing a green protective suit, plastic boots, a head cap, goggles and a mask.
Two pairs of surgical gloves were taped securely to his sleeves.

As it turned out I now know exactly how patients feel on seeing such an apparition.

The answer is terrified.

Scare

Ebola is a messy, undignified death of uncontrollable vomiting, diarrhoea and bleeding.

Any contact at all with these fluids would transmit Ebola.

My having what could have been Ebola symptoms and arriving from an outbreak zone were enough to scare most of the staff here at the military hospital in Brazzaville.

After some understandable hysteria on my arrival, it was eventually decided that I should be given a malaria test.

The most junior medic to be found was forced to perform the task. He stood outside my isolation room trembling visibly.

As he pricked my finger hurriedly, I saw the sweat gathering behind his goggles.

Lonely deaths

Major illnesses usually elicit sympathy and caring but Ebola just creates fear and panic.

I've been here for five days while my blood is taken to a laboratory in Gabon to be tested for Ebola.

Although I am fine now - and over the malaria - the government cannot let me go until they have a negative result.

In the meantime I have friends to bring me water and food.

But most of the Ebola patients dying in the isolation ward in Kelle are not so lucky.

Even their families are too scared to bring them bring them water. Ebola is not only a gruesome death but a lonely one.

And Ebola victims know this as soon as they see the green-suited men in their goggles and masks.

<A href="http://newsvote.bbc.co.uk/mpapps/pagetools/print/news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/2840257.stm">(LINK)</A>
 

HeliumAvid

Too Tired to ReTire
Shakey...

I hope you get lots of hits on this..

It has been posted several times in the past month or so..
CS and I have had threads...

It is an epidemic...


what is the saying 1/3 of the life will die...

Thank you for your report.

Helium
 

CanadaSue

Membership Revoked
This outbreak first reported Jan.04

& I think it was ProMed where I first saw it. At the time there were no human cases but the primate die-off was 'impressive'. Warnings about eating bushmeat were transmitted although it's an area with limited communications. The last ProMed post had deaths at 98 from 135 cases with a case fatality rate of 73% or so.

Early on, TOO early on, the goivernment there announced they had a grip on the outbreak. They don't. It's hard to do that in very isolated areas. The two Congis have a great deal of experience with Ebola & public awareness of the disease in general is, high.

Cultural practices are hard to change though & it is these currently which are causing the biggest prolems. Family members handle the dead & prepare them for burial, including emptying body cavities, washing the dead & mourning occurs with the body being wept over, kissed etc. If this doesn't happen, if cases are immediately isolated & cared for behins plastic & bleach, the disease burns out quickly. It's simply too hard on its victims to be easily spread as they CANNOT easily move around.

I'm concerned about the large number of primates going down. They ARE susceptible to Ebola & Ebola Reston is an airborne strain affecting, so far & thatnk God for that, only monkeys. I'm eager to see how this one tests out, what strain it is. The high toll of primates is, I think, new.

As to worrying about Ebola & it's cousin Marburg here, don't. Conditions for its spread are poor. I would worry about an airborne version affecting humans. With a few strains killing 90% of victims in Africa, we could have 80%+ death rates here, especially if a weaponzied airborne strain was devloped & released, There are rumors that such strains have been developed.

We don't know where it lives in the wild, nor have we vaccines or treatments. As such & until we do, this is the sort of bug Andromeda Strain scenarios talk about - a real nightmare. If I ever caught this puppy? Just shoot me & I mean that. It's a nasty, nasty death.

But in its natural state, it poses no great risk of disease or death here, not with our medical/funeral practices. It would sure scrae the crap out of people though if even one confirmed case showed up here.
 

CanadaSue

Membership Revoked
Shakey, ProMed posted your article...

I was hoping they'd add more info, but it's exactly as you've posted it.

This is a very remote area of the Republic of Congo. It must be; the Congolese government has been very proactive in transmitting information about Ebola & how to prevent its spread. It's sad to think that many still think it's the result of a curse or that medical types are causing this outbreak. That's happened in the past, (inadvertently), but is not the case here.

I'm especially concerned as I've mentioned, about the high toll it's taken on gorillas. I've not heard of such a massive death toll associated with previous outbreaks, although there have been high numbers of chimpanzees reported dead in a few past outbreaks.

Are we seeing a new strain? Or a significant mutation of one that's already fairly well known?

Ebola is known in humans as a disease transmitted by contact with bodily fluids. Viral-laden fluids have to pass into the bloodstream. Are that many gorillas toughing dead gorillas? I don't know much at all about these animals or how they react to the death of members of their troupes. And that number of dead suggests this is far more widespread than a few neighbouring bands of gorillas.

Is this strain airborne among gorillas yet NOT so among humans? It is a variant of Ebola Reston that has mutated to infect humans who pick up dead gorillas? In Reston after the original outbreak in the quarantine facility, several of the staff who cared for the animals tested positive for Ebola Reston antibodies yet had never showed any signs of illness. Has that changed?

Or has a strain affecting humans mutated enough to really do a number on gorillas as well? It's not EATING bushmeat that makes you sick as ProMed has mentioned, it's handling the meat with your hands & infecting yourself. Cooking the meat kills the virus.

I dunno - maybe I'm being a tad paranoid, especially considering that old blood samples held in hospital labs in that part of the world show that a great many people DO have Ebola antibodies & many have never had anything remotely like Ebola symptoms. I think the oldest blood samples with Ebola go back to the sicties although my memory is faulty - I'd have to dig around & check.

I dunno, we don't even know where this puppy lives when it's not busy being made into a movie villain or scaring people silly. We may eventually find out the sucker lives in the soil or some such thing, perhaps piggy backing on some obscure forl of soil bacteria which only affects humans on every third Thurday of even years.

I suspect, with absolutely ZERO basis for my suspicions, that there are a lot more strains of Ebola out there, many of which infect us subclinically, (no illness per se). But until & unless someone has the time & funding to start drawing random blood samples & testing them, we may never know. We could discover something like that in the usual testing that goes on whenever a fresh outbreak occurs
 

CanadaSue

Membership Revoked
Here's the latest from the WHO

I hope these case fatality rates don't hold up. They won't - successive generations of filovirus infection generally cause preogressively less severe cases & we're still in the midst of the worst of this one:



Ebola haemorrhagic fever in the Republic of the Congo - Update 8


14 March 2003

Disease Outbreak Reported

As of 14 March 2003, the Ministry of Health of the Republic of the Congo has reported 118 cases, (13 laboratory-confirmed and 105 epidemiologically linked), including 106 deaths in the districts of Mbomo and Kellé in Cuvette Ouest Département ( see previous report ).

Laboratory confirmation was made by the Centre International de Recherche Médicale à Franceville (CIRMF), Gabon.

In the Cuvette Ouest Département, the Ministry of Health, WHO and the international team continue to train health workers in the treatment of Ebola, to carry out contact tracing and provide essential medical equipment.

In Brazzaville, a workshop has been organized for training physicians and nurses working in the capital for clinical management of viral haemorrhagic fever patients.

The team of experts from the Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network , assisting the Ministry of Health in controlling the outbreak, include: the Bernhard- Nocht-Institut, Hamburg, Germany; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium; the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, England; Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF, Holland), and the Washington State University, United States.

The national Red Cross Society is assisting with social mobilization, surveillance and case management activities.
 
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