Liquidity, the capacity to trade quickly at quoted prices, has fallen sharply.
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Market Stress Snarls Treasury Trading
Traders say it is as hard to make a deal as it was in the early stages of Covid
By
Gunjan Banerji
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Anna Hirtenstein
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March 15, 2023 at 10:14 am ET
Liquidity, the capacity to trade quickly at quoted prices, has fallen sharply in two of the keystone markets, those for U.S. Treasurys and German bunds, traders said. Difficulties in trading are now spreading to many other markets, including those for derivatives that firms and traders use to lock in prices and hedge risks weeks and months ahead of time, such as options, futures and swaps.
The ICE
BofA Move Index, a measure of volatility in the bond market, spiked to the highest levels in at least three years, surpassing levels recorded during the March 2020 market crash.
Concerns about Treasury liquidity have been perennial since the 2008-09 financial crisis, reflecting changes in market rules and a reduced role in many areas for large banks. But several traders and investors said the action Wednesday was as strained as they have seen in recent years.
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“A trade that should take seconds took minutes,” said Jon Jonsson, a fixed income portfolio manager at Neuberger Berman.
One factor driving the disruption has been the massive flows into and out of Treasurys and bunds. Demand for these so-called haven assets typically rises in times of stress in markets, but prices for safe bonds have been under pressure for much of the past year as the Federal Reserve and other global central banks sharply raised interest rates in a bid to fend off inflation.
After a year of heavy selling, bonds rallied powerfully over the past week as the U.S. government took over two troubled banks, marking the second- and third-largest bank failures on record, and Swiss bank
Credit Suisse Group AG came
under attack in the market on Wednesday. The repeated reversals of flows have added to existing stress, traders said.
“You can’t have a conversation with Treasury traders without them going on a rant about Treasury liquidity,” said Hani Redha, a multiasset portfolio manager at PineBridge Investments. “That just means that moves get amplified. You’re going to get overshoots in both directions.”
On Wednesday, the 10-year U.S. Treasury yield fell to 3.41% and the German bund of the same maturity dropped to 2.14%. Global stock indexes were down more than 1%.
On Monday, the two-year Treasury yield dropped to 4.028%, the
biggest one-day fall since 1987 around the Black Monday market crash. Meanwhile, the yield curve inversion—the bond market’s classic recession indicator—
unwound at a record clip this week.
Liquidity in the market for 10-year Treasury futures has been less than half the levels recorded before the Silicon Valley Bank collapse, according to data from Quantitative Brokers. The firm looked at average prices at which traders offer to buy and sell contracts, a proxy for the ability to move in and out of markets quickly.
JPMorgan Chase & Co. analysts recently said that liquidity in the Treasury market has fallen to the lowest levels since March 2020, during the pandemic market crash. “Treasury market functioning is severely impaired, similar to what unfolded this time three years ago,” the firm’s analysts wrote in a note to clients.