BB said:
Dinky: Thanks for your input. Not being in the nuclear field myself, I find that Cohen's statements are the final word for me on the existence and nuclear use of Red Mercury.
Keep it coming R.
Because it may relieve some of the probably pointless anxiety in those unable to understand such things as red mercury, I will explain my distrust of the red mercury story:
All this is based on my own personal knowledge of chemistry (which is really molecular orbital chemistry), and nuclear physics, (which is really nuclear chemistry).
To be referred to later are these extractions from the thread posts:
As to the critical description of red mercury fusion bombs:
"These are softball-sized two-megaton fusion bombs triggered by an irradiated and compressed compound of mercury antimony oxide."
As to where the size of baseball originated it apparently came from Cohen's brag:
"The material means a neutron bomb can be built "the size of a baseball" but able to kill everyone within several square blocks."
As to how red mercury it stores energy:
"According to Spin magazine, it is not exactly an explosive but goes through a chemical transformation that releases MUCH more power (energy/time) than high explosives. It was discovered in Russia and is currently being produced there."
Notice in the second reference above Cohen is speaking of a neutron bomb, not a fusion bomb, and he says it can only kill within a several block distance. A block is about a tenth of a mile in most cities. He speculates one could be built the size of a baseball. The baseball size seems to have been extended by other less informed persons into all other discussions of red mercury or neutron bombs size without basis for doing that.
The spin magazine thing above says it is a chemical transformation, meaning it involves orbital chemistry, not nuclear chemistry. It is not able to describe that transformation, meaning it probably does not exist, because chemical transformations are very well known and predictable to a high degree with chemical software programs.
As for red mercury being currently produced in Russia, I know of no evidence it is being used in anything, if produced. Their weapons do not show evidence of such use. Also a magazine would not likely be privy to such knowledge if it were true.
Our own agencies would highly likely have some indication such a weapon existed, and all such agencies in the world would surely be onto it. Therefore, our military would be demanding major bucks to start up programs to copy its use. Nothing heard about anything like that yet. Major money tends to cause much cackling in congress, especially in an election year.
Secrets be damned men, votes are at risk.
Normal chemistry involves alterations in the electrons orbiting the nucleus.
Nuclear chemistry involves alterations in the nucleus' internal bonding energies, (maybe orbital also, on a much smaller and more violent scale, who knows, but it's not referred to as orbital yet. It just IS).
Normal chemistry cannot interfere with nuclear bonding, and orbital energy exchanges are rather limited, as energy releases go.
Nuclear chemistry can interfere with all things, and those energy exchanges are enormously larger than orbital exchanges.
To get a grip on the red mercury story,...
First realize that both USSR and USA (and many other nations) have active misinformation programs which release false stories about "discoveries" and advances in military technology.
These are intended to put out stories that are borderline to truth, so they will consume much effort of other nation's spying activity trying to confirm them. The things claimed are always significant advances which will surely trigger great interest in the adversary. This misinformation makes true secrets harder to seek out.
Secondly, if this story were true it would represent a major advance in weapons technology. Therefore it would be classified above top secret with highly compartmentalized need to know, to even learn it exists at all.
It also would never be referred to by a name that could be connected to its true self. Thus "red mercury" would never be used in referring to the actual material if it contained any metal, let alone mercury. A name like gravy might be chosen, totally unrelated to the real name.
Thirdly, if anyone broke the secrecy rules they would instantly be picked up and not heard from again. They would be held in close confinement so they could not again say anything secret, and tried and convicted and held in nearly solitary confinement to prevent any further release of dangerous information.
Fourth, this information states in some detail that it involves a mixture of mercury oxide, (a common red powder formerly used as paint pigments) and antimony oxide, a common white chemical powder with no remarkable uses.
It claims to be a mixture of them. Mixing chemicals without reacting them.
Two metal oxides will not chemically react with each other to any significant degree, unless dissolved in a solvent, and then they will only create an insignificant exchange of ions if any, but no significant energy would be released. Thus such a mixture has no magical powers or expectations.
It mentions the mixture is compressed. Compressing such a mixture would add very little energy to it. Compressing is only useful on highly unstable radioactive elements which are already decomposing at a fast rate compared to natural radioactive elements, and need just a little push to get them into a chain reaction. Compressing them so they are more compact can accomplish that.
The compression I am referring to is beyond imagination of lay persons. It amounts to squeezing a Steel Ball from say 3 inches diameter down to 2 inches diameter or some such figures.
To get some such squeezing in the first atom bomb, a lump of Uranium made into a bullet was put into a rather large cannon, and shot into another lump so the impact could squeeze it enough to get a pukey explosion compared to present technology.
Therefore saying it is compressed adds nothing meaningful to the story, but gives it some faint link to the compression needed in real nuclear weapons. Enough of a link to fool novices.
It claims the mixture is irradiated. It does not say with what. Could be light, x-rays, gamma rays, electrons, positrons, neutrons, or strange particles, etc. Anyone having a nuclear power reactor could thus irradiate such a mixture, if doing that would accomplish anything. That also would attract the attention of novices, for it was do-able by many of them, if only they could get the magic ingredient.
What would irradiation actually do to a mixture of metallic oxides?
Well, if intense it could knock some electrons out of orbit and into other orbits. If so they would rather promptly fall back to where they belong when the radiation was stopped, and they would emit probably light to get rid of the modest energy they absorbed.
The amount of energy that can be gotten from orbital mechanics is fairly limited to levels in the range of light (the kind you see with eyes) frequency radiations.
Such irradiation could force a chemical bonding between the mixed oxides. That is not likely because they have no affinity to form any stable compound, and anything formed would be fleeting at best, and not likely be a new compound containing new and great powers. It would be quite unstable or it would appear in natural deposits also. The energy possibly stored would be chemical and rather small as things go.
The irradiation could penetrate the nucleus and stir up things there.
That could create an isotope of the metals. If so the isotope metal would be unstable and as it decayed back to its stable state it would release as radiation roughly the same level of energy it had absorbed. The amount of energy that it could absorb would be again fairly limited, as nuclear explosions go.
If the irradiation was of just the right type, it might split a nucleus here and there and cause fission (splitting) but again that is highly unlikely.
Even if it did so, the energy released would be small because not many nuclei would split, and energy would be released instantly and not stored in the split parts. The split parts would possess less energy than did the whole, because it released some in splitting, so there would not be stored in the irradiated metal any gain in energy that could be used in some later explosive transformation.
Then there is a great clue in the misinformation itself. It says that the material possesses its enhanced energy by nature of being in an altered mechanical (chemical orbital) state which can release more energy than high explosives. Thus it is telling us it is still a non nuclear energy source which limits it to being chemical energy same as explosives possess.
High explosives release stored (chemical bonding) energy mostly ending up in mechanical form, and have been extensively researched using all known high energy bonds to select those able to release the most the fastest.
No such high energy explosives depend on mixed metallic oxides. In fact metallic oxides are mostly useless as energy releasers, although some perform in relatively slow burning thermit (welding) mixtures, but in even firecrackers, oxides are too weak, and chlorates, per chlorates, and nitrates are used, not oxides.
Oxides are generally known to be duds as explosives go. After all, an oxide is generally something that has already burned once and the oxide is the ash left after a lot of heat energy was liberated. Not much left in most metal oxides.
The good explosives have carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen all bonded together into a single molecule, where they can get to each other to form other things very quickly if disturbed properly.
Thus they contain both fuel and oxygen very close together, "with their spring wound tight," so to speak, and just itching to react in other ways to release a lot of energy.
When that compound's temperature is raised high enough (causing violent mechanical vibration of the molecule) to rupture the first bond, the energy it releases raises the temperature much higher and lots of bonds storing energy are released, and the broken parts recombine into other compounds releasing further energy, usually doing all that in millionths of a second, and we have an explosion as the very hot gasses created expand.
That occurs instantly, thus the usefulness as explosives.
The clue in the spin reference above" it is not exactly an explosive but goes through a chemical transformation that releases MUCH more power (energy/time) than high explosives" is it says in other words that this is an orbital bonding type of energy, which gives out more energy than normally encountered in such chemistry.
However orbital energy is far too limited to cause nuclear disturbances. Therefore this compound apparently has magical qualities.
The chemical explosives used in nuclear bombs are there to squeeze together a wad of nuclear unstable nuclei in atoms which are itching to rearrange to a lower stored energy state.
By squeezing them together, the radiation they are always emitting gradually, is confined more intimately with other atoms, and less of it escapes without hitting another nucleus. When enough of them hit other squeezed closer nuclei, a chain reaction can form. That instantly causes the whole quantity to re-assemble into other entirely different elements with a very large release of energy. VERY large!
Thus a few pounds of nuclear bombs can release the same energy as millions of tons of our best high explosives.
High explosives are seldom assembled in quantities of more than a couple tons when themselves used in bombs, so the difference is between high explosive bombs and nuclear bombs if very large.
Like the difference between an elderly person getting $500 a month SSI and another dude getting 230 million dollars an hour, constantly. As I said BIG difference.
All the above things strongly suggest to those familiar with bombs and chemistry, that red mercury is a hoax.
Also all cases I am aware of where it was claimed to be possessed turned out to be hoaxes.
In my opinion the only ones falling for the story so far that would be important to our worries, are very rich and very ignorant persons wanting to get an instant "one-up" on the existing nuclear powers.
It appears to me to be a con artist scam to dupe some rich Arabs, or other wannabe powers, out of some really serious loot. After all if it don't work then you did it wrong, and besides whatcha gonna do about it? Con man's dream.
Also if such a thing existed there would be evidence of it in new weapons. Nothing noticed there, as mentioned in my earlier comments.
Such a weapon would be too good not to use.
Thus because the chemistry and physics of the thing discourages believing it, and the lack of any confirmation in new weapons, and the source of claims that it exists, and the unlikely leak that such a thing existed if it really did, and the fact Cohen still exists apparently, all force my opinion is that it is a hoax. Someone like Cohen would be a good source to "leak" disinformation.
Apparently most persons able to understand the details involved also feel that way.
It gets placed in my "too wild to be likely" category of claimed discoveries, along with the water burning car engine, or the hundred mile per gallon carburetor (on a 2 ton auto to boot) type stories.
However those wanting to tell each other ghost stories, to get shivers up the spine, are welcome to do so. It is rather cruel to stressed out forum readers trying to learn something however.
There are other more rewarding dangers to fret over IMO.
But then boredom of waiting for calamity to arrive does cause fiction to be generated in conversations and on forums, to stir up some activity, and let fly with all the what if's one can conjure up.
Then too, if planet x dares come near here we can get our best pitcher to lob a few red mercury baseballs at it and show it what's what.
I'd even get out my "very expensive per printed picture digital camera" for that.
Frankly my own emotions are stirred up enough just with the unusual and dangerous political activities now going on to spare time about new forms of nuclear weapons. The ones we know we got are more than a thousand times adequate to do all that can be done.
My worry is that present activities track remarkably close to those that allowed the world to slip over the edge of similar mutual pissing off deeds in the 19 teens, and land straight into WWI.
Bush's aggression in deliberate flaunting the fragile international laws still in place, after our Korea, and Vietnam "police actions", which try to keep civility among sovereigns, also looks fairly similar to how Hitler, Mussolini, and Japan's activities in the late 1930's got everyone into WWII.
Having been struck by that lightning known as WWII, and having read about WWI, I have a natural sensitivity in seeing similar black clouds rolling in again.
"Smell the wind, she's about to raise a blow".
Knowing that lesson number 3 usually contains severe levels of disaster in most situations which call for repeated lessons,...
and rather fully understanding that such levels of disaster will be rather easily achieved if lesson 3 occurs,...
I naturally am apprehensive about current nonsense worldwide.
When really apprehensive, I tend to make a lot of noise.
Only rarely does that do any good, but then what the hell, noise is cheap, and making it also relieves the boredom of waiting for calamity to arrive.
To each his choice of how to relieve the boredom...
But it ought not sorely stress out others who don't deserve it...that's not nice.